Ovamboland, also referred to as Owamboland, was a Bantustan and later a non-geographic ethnic-based second-tier authority, the Representative Authority of the Ovambos, in South West Africa (present-day Namibia).
The apartheid government stated that the goal was for it to be a self-governing homeland for the Ovambo people. Practically, however, it was intended by the apartheid government as a reservation that forced them into cheap labour by limiting movement; Ovambo men were not allowed outside Ovamboland unless they signed as a contract labourer for 16 months, while women were not allowed out at all.[1]
The term originally referred to the parts of northern Namibia inhabited by the Ovambo ethnic group: namely, the area controlled by the traditional Ovambo kingdoms in pre-colonial and early colonial times, such as Ondonga, Ongandjera, and Oukwanyama.[2] Its endonym is Ovambo ~ Owambo.[3]
^Moorsom, Richard (April 1979). "Labour Consciousness and the 1971-72 Contract Workers Strike in Namibia". Development and Change. 10 (2): 205–231. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1979.tb00041.x.
^Hayes, Patricia (2000). Hall, Catherine (ed.). Cultures of Empire: A Reader: Colonizers in Britain and the Empire in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. New York: Routledge Books. pp. 329–330. ISBN 978-0415929073.
^"Staatspresident van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika: Proklamasies No. R 138, 1976: Wysiging van die Owambo-Grondwet-Proklamasie, 1973 (Amendment of the Owambo Constitution Proclamation 1973)" (PDF).
Ovamboland, also referred to as Owamboland, was a Bantustan and later a non-geographic ethnic-based second-tier authority, the Representative Authority...
Ovamboland, or Ovambo, was a Bantustan or "homeland" and later a second-tier authority in South West Africa for the Ovambo people during the apartheid...
number of kindred Bantu ethnic tribes who inhabit what was formerly called Ovamboland. In Angola, they are a minority, accounting for about two percent of the...
Oshi-. After Namibia's independence in 1990, the area previously known as Ovamboland was divided into the Ohangwena, Omusati, Oshana and Oshikoto Regions....
African Security Branch or Special Task Force, and black volunteers from Ovamboland. Koevoet was patterned after the Selous Scouts, a multiracial Rhodesian...
black intelligentsia in Windhoek. Meanwhile, the Ovamboland People's Congress (later the Ovamboland People's Organisation, or OPO) was formed by nationalists...
Finland on 31 January 1900 and arrived in Ovamboland on 22 June the same year. During his first term in Ovamboland, Liljeblad founded the Onayena mission...
Onandjokwe Hospital in the Ondonga tribal area in Ovamboland. She also worked in the Engela Hospital. In Ovamboland, she was known as Kuku Selma ‘grandmother...
People's Organisation (SWAPO) in 1960, and before that, its predecessor the Ovamboland People's Organization (OPO) in 1959. After growing up in northern Namibia...
1950s. In 1959, he cofounded and served as the first president of the Ovamboland People's Organization (OPO), a nationalist organization advocating an...
Sekele Northern ǃKung Native to Namibia, Angola Region Okavango and Ovamboland Territory Native speakers 20,000 (2013–2019) Language family Kxʼa ǃKung...
Iihuhua, pastor in Ovamboland, ordained 1925 Sakeus Iihuhua, pastor in Ovamboland, ordained 1925 Gideon Iitula, pastor in Ovamboland, ordained 1925 Zephania...
mean the end of the Ondonga area. (Ondonga is one of the kingdoms of Ovamboland), and Ondangwa is located on the western edge of this kingdom. Ondangwa...
assigned "autonomy" but never granted "independence". In South West Africa, Ovamboland, Kavangoland, and East Caprivi were declared to be self-governing, with...
Cornelius Tuhafeni Ndjoba (1930–1982) was the chief of the Ovamboland bantustan in Namibia, then known as South West Africa from August 1975 to July 1980...
fighter and political prisoner. He was one of the co-founders of the Ovamboland People's Congress in Cape Town, South Africa and became one of the first...
became Namibia, inhabited by the Damaras. It was bordered roughly by Ovamboland in the north, the Namib Desert in the west, the Kalahari Desert in the...
considered a national hero in Namibia. Nanyemba was born and grew up in Ovamboland in the north of Namibia and had to work as a herder during his school...
contracting organisation which contracted primarily Ovambo people from Ovamboland in northern Namibia to work in the diamond mines in Namibia's southern...
and Bank Windhoek. Shikongo was born on 26 June 1950, in Ondangwa in Ovamboland (today Oshana Region). He completed school at Ongwediva High School and...
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