Ortoq may refer to: Ortogh, a merchant partner of the Mongols and nomads Artuk Bey, a Seljuk commander Muhammad Hashim Ortaq, en engineer and former politician...
Ortogh, also ortoq (Turkic: ortaq; Mongolian: ортог; Chinese: wotuo 斡脱;: 127 Persian: urtak) was a merchant partnered with the state and individual aristocrats...
Most of these merchants were business partners of the Mongols, known as ortoq. However, Möngke Khan (r. 1251–1259) limited notorious abuses and sent imperial...
the concepts of liability in relation to investments and loans in Mongol–ortoq partnerships, promoting trade and investment to facilitate the commercial...
with certainty. In the Mongol Empire, the contractual features of a Mongol-ortoq partnership closely resembled that of qirad and commenda arrangements, however...
sent them far afield, in an ortoq (merchant partner) arrangement. In Mongol times, the contractual features of a Mongol-ortoq partnership closely resembled...
the concepts of liability in relation to investments and loans in Mongol–ortoq partnerships, promoting trade and investment to facilitate the commercial...
ISBN 978-1-78477-017-4. Liu 2010, p. 109. Enkhbold, Enerelt (2019). "The role of the ortoq in the Mongol Empire in forming business partnerships". Central Asian Survey...
231–232. ISBN 978-1-108-42489-9. Enkhbold, Enerelt (2019). "The role of the ortoq in the Mongol Empire in forming business partnerships". Central Asian Survey...
University of London. pp. 7–9. Enkhbold, Enerelt (2019). "The role of the ortoq in the Mongol Empire in forming business partnerships". Central Asian Survey...
2008. Retrieved 24 May 2008. Enkhbold, Enerelt (2019). "The role of the ortoq in the Mongol Empire in forming business partnerships". Central Asian Survey...
Sinjar Qaradja of Harran Watthab ibn-Mahmud Balduk of Samosata Soqman ibn Ortoq Ahmad ibn-Marwan Strength Crusaders: ~40,000 total at the start of the...
the concepts of liability in relation to investments and loans in Mongol–ortoq partnerships, promoting trade and investment to facilitate the commercial...
the besieged city. His major allies included the Artuqid emir Soqman ibn Ortoq and the emir of Hamah. Albert of Aachen suggests the army numbered 30,000...
Mongol, Jean-Paul Roux, p. 432. Enkhbold, Enerelt (2019). "The role of the ortoq in the Mongol Empire in forming business partnerships". Central Asian Survey...
523. Kołodziejczyk 2011, p. 3. Enerelt Enkhbold (2019) The role of the ortoq in the Mongol Empire in forming business partnerships, Central Asian Survey...
free market. In the Mongol Empire, the contractual features of a Mongol-ortoq partnership closely resembled that of qirad arrangements, however, Mongol...
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