Orrm information

Orrm's handwriting in the Ormulum: Bodleian Library, MS. Junius 1, fol 3r.

Orrm, also known as Orrmin (fl. 1150s–80s), was an Augustinian canon from south Lincolnshire who wrote the Ormulum, a collection of verse homilies that is the oldest English autograph and one of the most significant records of Middle English.^[1]^[2] His work is a successful example of homiletics translating Latin learning to balance the needs of his fellow canons, who likely spoke Anglo-Norman French, with those of lay English-speaking audiences.^[3]^[4]

^ Johannesson, Nils-Lennart; Cooper, Andrew (2023). Ormulum. Early English text society. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-289043-6.
^ Jack, George (23 September 2004). "Orm [Ormin] (fl. c. 1175)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/20831. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^ McMullen, A. Joseph (3 April 2014). "Forr þeʒʒre sawle need: The Ormulum, vernacular theology and a tradition of translation in early England". English Studies. 95 (3): 256–277. doi:10.1080/0013838X.2014.897074. S2CID 162740411.
^ Dietrich, Robyn (31 December 2020). "Spellenn: Orm's act of faith". The English Languages: History, Diaspora, Culture. 6: 1–6. ISSN 1929-5855.

[Johannesson-1] Johannesson, Nils-Lennart; Cooper, Andrew (2023). Ormulum. Early English text society. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-289043-6.

[ODNB-2] Jack, George (23 September 2004). "Orm [Ormin] (fl. c. 1175)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/20831. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

[3] McMullen, A. Joseph (3 April 2014). "Forr þeʒʒre sawle need: The Ormulum, vernacular theology and a tradition of translation in early England". English Studies. 95 (3): 256–277. doi:10.1080/0013838X.2014.897074. S2CID 162740411.

[4] Dietrich, Robyn (31 December 2020). "Spellenn: Orm's act of faith". The English Languages: History, Diaspora, Culture. 6: 1–6. ISSN 1929-5855.