Mineral deposit area and environmental harm in Venezuela
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Entry to the Central Bank of Venezuela of 749 kilograms of gold from the Orinoco Mining Arc on 18 November 2017
The Orinoco Mining Arc (OMA), is a resource-rich area in Venezuela that has become a hub for illegal mining. It was opened to development in February 2016 as the "Orinoco Mining Arc National Strategic Development Zone",[1] and has been operating since 2017;[2][3] The Orinoco Mining Arc covers 12.2% of Venezuelan territory with an area of 111,843 km2.[3] Gold is the most important resource in the area, and there are also deposits of bauxite, coltan, and diamonds. According to former minister Roberto Mirabal, the Mining Arc has a potential mineral value of $2 trillion US dollars.[4][5]
The Academy of Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, the Venezuelan Society of Ecology, the Association of Archaeologists and Archaeologists of Venezuela (AAAV), the National Assembly of Venezuela, the Latin America and Caribbean (LACA) Section of the Society for Conservation Biology (SCB), and the NGO PROVEA have publicly expressed their concern at the non-compliance with environmental and sociocultural impact studies, the violation of rights to prior consultation with indigenous communities, cultural and natural heritage, and national sovereignty.[6][7][8][9][10][11]
In 2020, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Michelle Bachelet, denounced that workers in the Orinoco Mining Arc are subjected to serious abuse and violence that caused at least 149 deaths between 2016 and 2020.[12]
^Decreto N° 2.248, mediante el cual se crea la Zona de Desarrollo Estratégico Nacional "Arco Minero del Orinoco"
^"El Arco Minero del Orinoco: ambiente, rentismo y violencia al sur de Venezuela; por Carlos Egaña". Prodavinci. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
^ abCano Franquiz, María Laura. "Arco Minero del Orinoco vulnera fuentes vitales y diversidad cultural en Venezuela" (in Spanish). La Izquierda Diario. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
^Ayala (19 August 2016). "Tasan en $2 trillones potencial del Arco". Diario El Universal (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 15 July 2018. En ese escenario, aseguró que el oro reviste un "valor comercial" en el mundo de $200.000 millones, $180.000 millones el hierro, y 9.000 millones de dólares la bauxita. De acuerdo con las proyecciones que se manejan en el marco del Motor Minero, el AMO posee alrededor de 200 millones de toneladas de bauxita y unas 44 mil toneladas entre oro y diamantes.
^Ayala (19 August 2016). "Tasan en $2 trillones potencial del Arco". Diario El Universal (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 15 July 2018. Apuntó que 60% de las ganancias que se obtengan con la ejecución de este Plan de Desarrollo Minero Ecológico, será invertido en los proyectos de desarrollo social que están en ejecución.
^Ramírez Cabello, María (23 February 2018). "Arco Minero sigue sin estudios de impacto socioambiental a dos años de su creación". Correo del Caroní. Retrieved 10 August 2018.
^Con información de nota de prensa, Ariana Revollo (22 June 2018). "Asamblea Nacional alerta sobre los efectos biológicos, psicológicos y sociales de la explotación del Arco Minero del Orinoco". FM center es noticia. Retrieved 10 August 2018.
^"Pronunciamiento de la Academia de Ciencias Físicas, Matemáticas y Naturales sobre el Arco Minero" (PDF). October 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 August 2018. Retrieved 10 August 2018.
^"Carta al Presidente de la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos" (PDF). 2 December 2016. Retrieved 10 August 2018.
^"AN niega autorización constitucional al Ejecutivo para explotación del Arco Minero". Correo del Caroní. Prensa AN. 15 June 2016. Archived from the original on 10 August 2018. Retrieved 10 August 2018.
^"Conference Statement on the Orinoco Mining Arc". Latin America and Caribbean Congress for Conservation Biology (LACCCB 2018). Latin America and Caribbean Section of the Society for Conservation Biology. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
^"La ONU denuncia explotación y abusos en el Arco Minero de Venezuela". Deutsche Welle. 13 August 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
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