Relaxations of sharia requirements for Spanish Muslims who were forced to become Christians, when necessary to survive
The Oran fatwa was a responsum fatwa, or an Islamic legal opinion, issued in 1502 to address the crisis that occurred when Muslims in the Crown of Castile, in present-day Spain, were forced to convert to Christianity in 1500–1502.[1] It was authored by mufti Ahmad ibn Abi Jum'ah, an Algerian scholar of Islamic law of the Maliki school;[2] the term "Oran fatwa" was applied by modern scholars, due to the word "Al-Wahrani" ("of Oran") that appears in the text as part of the author's name.[3]
The fatwa sets out detailed relaxations of sharia (Islamic law) requirements, allowing Muslims to conform outwardly to Christianity and perform acts that are ordinarily forbidden in Islamic law, when necessary to survive.[4] It includes pliable instructions for fulfilling the ritual prayers, the ritual charity, and the ritual ablution, and recommendations when obliged to violate Islamic law, such as worshipping as Christians, committing blasphemy, and consuming pork and wine.[5]
The fatwa enjoyed wide currency among Spanish Muslims and Moriscos—Muslims nominally converted to Christianity and their descendants; one of its surviving aljamiado translations was dated at 1564, six decades after it was first issued.[6] The fatwa has been described as the "key theological document" to understand the practice of Spanish Muslims following the Reconquista up to the expulsion of the Moriscos in the early 17th century.[1][4]
The influence of the Oran fatwa was limited to Spain:[6] Outside the Iberian Peninsula, the predominant opinion upheld the requirements of Islamic law and required Muslims to emigrate, or even choose martyrdom, when the orthodox observance of the religion became impossible.[6][7]
The Oranfatwa was a responsum fatwa, or an Islamic legal opinion, issued in 1502 to address the crisis that occurred when Muslims in the Crown of Castile...
the Oranfatwa was issued to acknowledge the necessity of relaxing sharia, as well as detailing the ways in which Muslims were to do so. This fatwa become...
following is a list of notable historical and contemporary fatwas. 1504 Oranfatwa The Oranfatwa was issued in 1504 to address the crisis that occurred when...
religion was largely practiced clandestinely. A legal opinion, called "the Oranfatwa" by modern scholars, circulated in Spain and provided religious justification...
beginning of his reign the OranFatwa were made during his reign he defeated spain in the battle of Mers-el-Kebir (1507) and lost Oran in 1509, he also according...
reign he defeated Portugal in the battle of Mers El Kebir (1501) and the Oranfatwa were made at the same year of his reigns end. Stewart, John (2014). African...
Byzantine Empire 1511 – Ahmad ibn Abi Jum'ah, Islamic scholar, author of the Oranfatwa 1548 – Juan de Zumárraga, Spanish-Mexican archbishop (b. 1468) 1553 –...
Abi Jum'ah, an Islamic scholar in North Africa, issued a fatwa, commonly named the "Oranfatwa", saying that Muslims may outwardly practice Christianity...
Frankish Kingdom at Compiègne. 1504 – Ahmad ibn Abi Jum'ah writes his Oranfatwa, arguing for the relaxation of Islamic law requirements for the forcibly...
– Ahmad ibn Abi Jum'ah, North African Islamic scholar, author of the Oranfatwa June 13 – Hedwig, Abbess of Quedlinburg, Princess-Abbess of Quedlinburg...
– Ahmad ibn Abi Jum'ah, North African Islamic scholar, author of the Oranfatwa June 13 – Hedwig, Abbess of Quedlinburg, Princess-Abbess of Quedlinburg...
Emirate of Granada) were forced to convert to Christianity. 1504 – The Oranfatwa was issued, following the forced conversion of 1501–1502, providing the...
8 (approximate date) Islamic scholar Ahmad ibn Abi Jum'ah issues the Oranfatwa for Muslims in Spain (1 Rajab 910 AH in Islamic calendar, Gregorian date...
family in Algeria. Daoud studied French literature at the University of Oran. Daoud was married but divorced in 2008, after the birth of his daughter...
Islam in secret. In 1504, Ubayd Allah al-Wahrani, a Maliki mufti in Oran, issued a fatwā allowing Muslims to make extensive use of concealment to maintain...
situations not explicitly covered by these two sources of legislation; and fatwā, non-binding published opinions or decisions regarding religious doctrine...
mostly in the main cities such as Algiers, Bejaia, Tizi Ouzou, Annaba, and Oran, and the Kabylia region. The government of Algeria has been known to target...
In 2002 the opponents to the bilingual educational proposal declared a fatwa against the pro-bilingual supporters. The reforms were intended to be implemented...
their tombs are situated are Sidi Abdel Rahman in Algiers, Sidi el Houari in Oran and Sidi Boumediene at Tlemcen. The popularity of Islamism fluctuates according...
ISBN 978-1-4008-5125-6. Retrieved 18 March 2015. "Christian Converts in Morocco Fear Fatwa Calling for Their Execution". Morning Star News. 9 May 2013 – via Christianity...
the classical period). Prehistoric Tifinagh inscriptions were found in the Oran region. During the pre-Roman era, several successive independent states (Massylii)...
last several weeks; several Jews murdered. 1892 Mulla Abdullah issues a fatwa to kill all the Jews of Hamadan if they refuse to abide by Jewish restrictions...
council [ar] Algerian fiqh academy [ar] Algerian scientific council of fatwa [ar] Algerian forum of maliki fiqh [ar] National Union of Algerian Zawiyas [ar]...
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