Mechanized Infantry before moving into northern Iraq
Date
20 March – 4 May 1995
Location
Northern Iraq
Result
Turkish victory [1]
Belligerents
Turkey
Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)
Commanders and leaders
Hasan Kundakçı
Abdullah Öcalan
Strength
35,000+[2]
2,400-2,800[3]
Casualties and losses
64 killed 185 wounded[4][5]
555 killed 13 captured[6]
v
t
e
Kurdish–Turkish conflict
Timeline
First insurgency
1984
Karageçit
N Iraq (1986)
Ortabağ
N Iraq (1987)
Pınarcık
Yeşilova
Taşdelen
Şırnak
Kulp
N Iraq (1992)
Bingöl
Başbağlar
Lice
Winter campaign
Steel
Tokat
Hawk
Tunceli
Varto
Sazak
Hammer
Dawn
Murat
Istanbul
Blue Market
Second insurgency
Hakkâri (2007)
N Iraq (2007)
Ankara
Aktütün
Diyarbakır
Sun
Reşadiye
İskenderun
Hakkâri
Istanbul
2011 border raid
Hakkâri (2011)
Roboski
Hakkâri (2012)
Beytüşşebap
Şemdinli
Third insurgency
Ceylanpınar
Siirt bombing
Martyr Yalçın
Police raids
Arslan Kulaksız
Şırnak
Cizre (2015)
Cizre (2016)
Kandil
Hakkari
Silvan
Sur
Lice
Dürümlü
2015 airport bombing
Ankara (Feb 2016)
Ankara (Mar 2016)
Bursa
Istanbul (Jun 2016)
Istanbul (Oct 2016)
Istanbul (Dec 2016)
N Iraq (2016)
Elazığ
Cizre
Euphrates Shield
Şemdinli
Kayseri
İzmir
Airstrikes in Syria & Iraq
Olive Branch
Siirt raid
Sinjar (2018)
Gercüş
Claw
Peace Spring
Claw-Eagle & Claw-Tiger
İskenderun
Claw-Eagle 2
Claw-Lightning & Thunderbolt
Sinjar (2021)
Claw-Lock
Zakho
Istanbul (2022)
Claw-Sword
Syria (2023 June)
Ankara (2023)
Syria (2023 Oct)
Serhildan
1990
1991
1992
1999
2001
2005
2006
2008
2009
2011–2012
2014
Peace process and peace efforts
1991–2004 Kurdish–Turkish peace initiatives
1993 Kurdistan Workers' Party ceasefire
2013–2015 Solution process
Others
Assassinations
Operation Steel (Turkish: Çelik Harekâtı) was a cross-border operation by the Turkish Armed Forces into northern Iraq between 20 March and 4 May 1995 against the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). The purpose of offensive was to put a stop to the PKK from conducting cross-border raids onto military stations.[7]
^POPE, HUGH (5 May 1995). "Most Turkish Troops Said to Be Out of Iraq : Mideast: Ankara's army says it killed 555 Kurdish militants and lost 61 soldiers". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
^Kurds in Turkey (page 18) Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine
^Gunter, M.M. (1997). The Kurds and the Future of Turkey. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 35. ISBN 9780312172657. Retrieved 2015-04-13.
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Global Information
Turkey
Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)