Grammos and Vitsi, West Macedonia, northwestern Greece
Result
National Army victory
End of the Greek Civil War
Belligerents
Provisional Democratic Government
Support:
Albania (until August 25)
Kingdom of Greece
Support:
United States
Commanders and leaders
Markos Vafeiadis
Alexandros Papagos
Strength
8,000–13,000[1][2][3]
50,000 (6 divisions) artillery 50 aircraft
Casualties and losses
1,182 dead about 3,000 wounded 1,632 prisoners and deserters
256 dead 1,336 wounded
v
t
e
Greek Civil War
Prelude
5/42 dissolution
Meligalas
Kilkis
Dekemvriana
Thiseio-Makrygianni
War
Litochoro attack
Operation Terminus
Operation Limnes
Konitsa
Thessaloniki bombing)
Ierapetra
Operation Charavgi
Makronisos
Kalavryta
Operation Koronis
Kastoria
Operation Peristera
Agios Vasileios
Karditsa
Naousa
Karpenisi
Florina
Operation Pyravlos
Metaxades
Operation Pyrsos
Operation Pyrsos (Greek: Επιχείρηση «Πυρσός», "Torch") was the final campaign launched by the National Army of the internationally recognized Greek government against the communist forces during the Greek Civil War.[4][5] After the success of the preceding Operation Pyravlos, communist forces in central Greece had been defeated[6] and only the mountain strongholds of Grammos and Vitsi in northwestern Greece remained under their control.[2][3] Yugoslavian assistance to the communists had come to an end in February 1949 amid the Tito–Stalin split.[2] The National Army launched a diversionary attack on Grammos and their main force at Vitsi.[3] On August 25, following a massive attack by the National Army with aircraft and artillery, the Albanian government of Enver Hoxha cut off its assistance to the Greek communist forces; he did not attempt to disarm the Greek communists on his territory, but threatened to cut off food supplies if they returned to Greece.[3] The operation ended on August 30.[7] The Greek communists formally surrendered in mid-October, ending the Greek Civil War.[3]
^Vournas 1998, p. 366
^ abcFeatherstone et al. 2011, pp. 210–211
^ abcdeHouse 2012, pp. 73–74
^Zenakos, Avgoustinos (24 November 2008). "ΓΡΑΜΜΟΣ-ΒΙΤΣΙ ΑΥΓΟΥΣΤΟΣ 1949". To Vima (in Greek). Archived from the original on 17 December 2017.
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Global Information
Markos Vafeiadis
Alexandros Papagos
