Global InformationOncorhynchus kawamurae information
| Oncorhynchus kawamurae | |
|---|---|
| |
| A juvenile kunimasu at the Fuji Yusui no Sato Aquarium | |
Conservation status
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 Extinct in the Wild (IUCN 3.1)[1] | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Salmoniformes |
| Family: | Salmonidae |
| Genus: | Oncorhynchus |
| Species: | O. kawamurae
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| Binomial name | |
| Oncorhynchus kawamurae D. S. Jordan & E. A. McGregor, 1925
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Black kokanee (Oncorhynchus kawamurae), or kunimasu (国鱒, クニマス, "[Japanese] national trout") in Japanese, is a species of landlocked Pacific trout in Japan that was thought to be extinct for 70 years before being rediscovered in 2010.[2] The species was originally endemic to Lake Tazawa, Akita Prefecture, but was translocated to Lake Saiko in an attempt to save the species.[2] These efforts were only discovered to have been successful in 2010 when nine specimens were captured by a team of researchers[2] including a celebrity biologist, 'Sakana-kun'.[3]
Oncorhynchus kawamurae is related to the sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) and has been earlier treated as its subspecies O. nerka kawamurae.[4] The fish is dark olive with black spots on its back, and grows to approximately one foot (30 centimetres) in length.[5] This species has a long, slim and flat body shape but experiences changes in color and shape depending on the sex and life stage.[2][6] Kunimasu also has a distinct breeding season, fewer pyloric caeca, and more gill-rakers which distinguish it from Oncorhynchus nerka.[2][6]
- ^ Miyazaki, Y.; Mukai, T.; Nakajima, J.; Takaku, K. & Taniguchi, Y. (2019). "Oncorhynchus kawamurae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T110463465A110463483. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T110463465A110463483.en. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
- ^ a b c d e Nakabo, Tetsuji; Nakayama, Kouji; Muto, Nozomu; Miyazawa, Masayuki (April 2011). "Oncorhynchus kawamurae "Kunimasu," a deepwater trout, discovered in Lake Saiko, 70 years after extinction in the original habitat, Lake Tazawa, Japan". Ichthyological Research. 58 (2): 180–183. doi:10.1007/s10228-011-0204-8. hdl:2433/138094. ISSN 1341-8998. S2CID 19306949.
- ^ Ryall, Julian (4 February 2011). ""Extinct" Salmon Discovered in Japanese Lake". National Geographic. Archived from the original on February 4, 2011.
- ^ Nakayama, Kouji; Muto, Nozomu; Nakabo, Tetsuji (July 2013). "Mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence between "Kunimasu" Oncorhynchus kawamurae and "Himemasu" O. nerka in Lake Saiko, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan, and their identification using multiplex haplotype-specific PCR". Ichthyological Research. 60 (3): 277–281. doi:10.1007/s10228-013-0346-y. hdl:2433/189757. ISSN 1341-8998. S2CID 254166122.
- ^ Associated Press (15 December 2010). "Japanese salmon species thought extinct found". NBC.
- ^ a b Nakabo, Tetsuji; Tohkairin, Akira; Muto, Nozomu; Watanabe, Yasushi; Miura, Yasuaki; Miura, Hisashi; Aoyagi, Toshihiro; Kaji, Nana; Nakayama, Kouji; Kai, Yoshiaki (2014-04-01). "Growth-related morphology of "Kunimasu" (Oncorhynchus kawamurae: family Salmonidae) from Lake Saiko, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan". Ichthyological Research. 61 (2): 115–130. doi:10.1007/s10228-013-0382-7. ISSN 1616-3915. S2CID 254165534.