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"On Physical Lines of Force" is a four-part paper written by James Clerk Maxwell, published in 1861.[1] In it, Maxwell derived the equations of electromagnetism in conjunction with a "sea" of "molecular vortices" which he used to model Faraday's lines of force. Maxwell had studied and commented on the field of electricity and magnetism as early as 1855/56 when "On Faraday's Lines of Force"[2] was read to the Cambridge Philosophical Society. Maxwell made an analogy between the density of this medium and the magnetic permeability, as well as an analogy between the transverse elasticity and the dielectric constant, and using the results of a prior experiment by Wilhelm Eduard Weber and Rudolf Kohlrausch performed in 1856, he established a connection between the speed of light and the speed of propagation of waves in this medium.
The paper ushered in a new era of classical electrodynamics and catalyzed further progress in the mathematical field of vector calculus. Because of this, it is considered one of the most historically significant publications in physics and science in general, comparable with Einstein's Annus Mirabilis papers and Newton's Principia Mathematica.
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Maxwell, J. C. (1861). "On physical lines of force". Philosophical Magazine. 90: 11–23. Bibcode:2010PMag...90S..11M. doi:10.1080/14786431003659180. S2CID 135524562.
^On Faraday’s Lines of Force’ by James Clerk Maxwell 1855
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"OnPhysicalLinesofForce" is a four-part paper written by James Clerk Maxwell, published in 1861. In it, Maxwell derived the equations of electromagnetism...
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united all of classical electricity and magnetism. The first set of these equations was published in a paper entitled OnPhysicalLinesofForce in 1861...
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systematized by James Clerk Maxwell's "On Physical LinesofForce" (published in 1861–1862) that details of the interaction between magnets and electric current...
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working on Michael Faraday's linesofforce. In his 1861 paper OnPhysicalLinesofForce he modelled these magnetic linesofforce using a sea of molecular...
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was later published as OnPhysicalLinesofForce in March 1861. In order to determine the force which is acting on any part of the machine we must find...
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ISBN 978-1-888009-15-6. Faraday's law of induction and research in electromagnetism. Maxwell, James Clerk (1861). "OnPhysicalLinesofForce". The London, Edinburgh...