Period of four years associated with the Olympic Games of the Ancient Greeks
This article is about the Olympic Games. For the American thoroughbred racehorse, see Olympiad (horse).
Stadium at ancient Olympia
An olympiad (Greek: Ὀλυμπιάς, Olympiás) is a period of four years, particularly those associated with the ancient and modern Olympic Games.
Although the ancient Olympics were established during Greece's Archaic Era, it was not until Hippias that a consistent list was established and not until Ephorus in the Hellenistic period that the first recorded Olympic contest was used as a calendar epoch. Ancient authors agreed that other Olympics had been held before the race won by Coroebus but disagreed on how many; the convention was established to place Coroebus's victory at a time equivalent to the summer of 776 BC in the Gregorian calendar and to treat it as Year 1 of Olympiad 1. Olympiad 2 began with the next games in the summer of 772 BC.
Thus, for N less than 195, Olympiad N is reckoned as starting in the year BC and ending four years later. For N greater than or equal to 195, Olympiad N will begin in AD and ended four years later. By extrapolation, the 4th year of the 700th Olympiad will begin roughly around 2 August 2024.
In reference to the modern Olympics, their Olympiads are four year periods beginning on January 1 of the year of the Summer Games. Thus, the modern Olympiad I began 1 January 1896, Olympiad II began 1 January 1900, and so on. Olympiad XXXIII began 1 January 2024.[1] Because the Julian and Gregorian calendars go directly from 1 BC to AD 1, the cycle of modern Olympiads is ahead of the ancient cycle by one year.
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