Officialese, bureaucratese,[1][2] or governmentese is language that sounds official.[3] It is the "language of officialdom".[4] Officialese is characterized by a preference for wordy, long sentences; complex words, code words, or buzzwords over simple, traditional ones; vagueness over directness; and passive over active voice[3][5] (some of those elements may, however, vary between different times and languages[6]). The history of officialese can be traced to the history of officialdom, as far back as the eldest human civilizations and their surviving official writings.[7]
Officialese is meant to impress the listener (or reader) and increase the authority (more than the social status) of the user, making them appear more professional.[3][4] Ernest Gowers noted that officialese also allows the user to remain vague.[3] It can be used to make oneself understood to insiders while being hard to decipher by those unfamiliar with the jargon and subtexts used.[8] Its use is known to put off members of the general public and reduce their interest in the material presented.[9] Officialese has been criticized as making one's speech or prose "stilted, convoluted, and sometimes even indecipherable";[3] or simply as the "cancer of language".[2] It is thus more pejoratively classified as one of the types of gobbledygook.[1][10] Its use can also result in unintended humorous incidents, and has been often satirized.[3]
Several similar concepts to officialese exist, including genteelism, commercialese, academese, and journalese.[3] The existence of officialese has been recognized by a number of organizations, which have made attempts to curtail its use in favour of plain language.[10][7][11]
^ abCite error: The named reference Stockard2011 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abCite error: The named reference Gupta2003 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abcdefgCite error: The named reference GarnerGinsburg2009-88 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abCite error: The named reference Garner2001 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Bryan A. Garner (28 July 2009). "Formal Words". Garner's Modern American Usage (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 370–71. ISBN 978-0-19-987462-0. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
^Cite error: The named reference Renkema2004 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abCite error: The named reference Fischer2004 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Czarniawska1997 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Hoppmann2010 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abCite error: The named reference Manser2011 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Williams2007 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Officialese, bureaucratese, or governmentese is language that sounds official. It is the "language of officialdom". Officialese is characterized by a...
sound of English to those who are not fluent in the language. The terms officialese or bureaucratese refer to language used by officials or authorities....
attested in English in 1533 via the Old French oficial. The informal term officialese, the jargon of "officialdom", was first recorded in 1884. An officialis...
in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Linguistics portal If-by-whiskey Officialese Weasel word Caparini, Marina; Fluri, Philipp (2006). Civil Society and...
German of the Bundesrepublik: the official Socialist one (Newspeak or officialese) and the critically humorous one of everyday life. Führerschein (driver's...
propaganda Doublespeak Headlinese Journalese Legalese Military terminology Officialese Weasel word Bryan A. Garner (28 July 2009). "Commercialese". Garner's...
particular is evident in his letters, which include wry parodies of Soviet officialese. Zoshchenko noted the contradictions in the composer's character: "he...
family-vault full of ungrammatical correspondence." By the 1880s the term "officialese" was in use, defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as, "The formal...
worldview and crippling lack of communication skills through reliance on "officialese" (Amtssprache) and the euphemistic Sprachregelung (convention of speech)...
Soviet Gnomic (On the Peculiarities of Generic Statements in Stalinist Officialese)". The Slavic and East European Journal. 57 (4): 581–604. JSTOR 24642486...
invasion− was Raadsheer in the Flemish Court and author of juridical, officialese and historical works. Karel Jozef de Graeve was born in 1731 (according...
public relations-related articles Security through obscurity Technobabble Officialese Blinder, Alan S.; Studies, International Center for Monetary and Banking...
legal texts, and has traditionally been a typical feature of Finnish "officialese".[citation needed] An alternative form, passive + ablative, also a calque...
as an antidote for academese, bureaucratese, corporatese, legalese, officialese, and other kinds of stuffy prose – The key to good style, far more than...
Throughout his life he crusaded against the faults which have made "officialese" a term of opprobrium and in favour of simple and direct English. Robert...
in "Parkgebühren" fails to make herself understandable because of her officialese. Hamann's acting performance in both sketches was repeatedly highlighted...
prevailed against the patriotic zeal of the populace. The ponderous officialese name evoked many alternative names developed for the monument. Other...
October 2012. "Fiorentina oficializa contratação de Matías" [Fiorentina officialese the signing of Matías]. A Bola (in Portuguese). 28 July 2012. Retrieved...