Northern theater of the American Revolutionary War after Saratoga information
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Northern Theater after 1777
Part of the American Revolutionary War
Destruction of the American Fleet at Penobscot Bay, 14 August 1779, Dominic Serres
Date
1778–1782
Location
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and New England
Result
Tactically Inconclusive
Strategic American victory
New York City remains under British control for the rest of the war
Hundreds of Native American villages are burnt down by American troops as retaliation
Belligerents
Great Britain Iroquois
Mohawk
Seneca
Cayuga
United States France Vermont Republic Iroquois
Oneida
Commanders and leaders
Sir Henry Clinton Frederick Haldimand John Butler Walter Butler Sir George Collier Joseph Brant Sayenqueraghta Cornplanter
George Washington John Sullivan James Clinton Jacob Klock Abraham Ten Broeck Thomas Hartley
Strength
4,500 [citation needed]
3,000 [citation needed]
Casualties and losses
310 Wounded [citation needed]
180 Killed [citation needed]
45 Missing or captured [citation needed]
280 Killed [citation needed]
180 Wounded [citation needed]
300 Missing or captured [citation needed]
v
t
e
American Revolutionary War Campaigns and theaters
Boston
Quebec
Nova Scotia
Northern
New York and New Jersey
Saratoga
Philadelphia
Northern after Saratoga
Western
Southern
Gulf Coast
Yorktown
Naval
The northern theater of the American Revolutionary War after Saratoga consisted of a series of battles between American revolutionaries and British forces, from 1778 to 1782 during the American Revolutionary War. It is characterized by two primary areas of activity. The first set of activities was based around the British base of operations in New York City, where each side made probes and counterprobes against the other's positions that sometimes resulted in notable actions. The second was essentially a frontier war in Upstate New York and rural northern Pennsylvania that was largely fought by state militia companies and some Indian allies on the American side, and Loyalist companies supported by Indians, British Indian agents, and occasionally British regulars. The notable exception to significant Continental Army participation on the frontier was the 1779 Sullivan Expedition, in which General John Sullivan led an army expedition that drove the Iroquois out of New York. The warfare amongst the splinters of the Iroquois Six Nations were particularly brutal, turning much of the Indian population into refugees.
The only other notable actions occurred in New England. A combined American-French attempt was made to drive the British out of Newport, Rhode Island. The Battle of Rhode Island ended badly when the French fleet abandoned the effort; the failure did some damage to American–French relations. In 1779, the British established a base on the Penobscot River in the District of Maine with the intent of establishing a Loyalist presence there. The state of Massachusetts responded with the amphibious Penobscot Expedition, which ended in complete disaster.
The British continued a process of raiding the New England coastal communities. One such raid led to a skirmish at Freetown, Massachusetts, while others descended on Massachusetts and Connecticut coastal communities. In the 1781 Battle of Groton Heights, the British were led by Connecticut native Benedict Arnold, who did substantial damage to the town.
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