North American Dryopteris hybrid complex information
North American Dryopteris reticulate complex
Hybridization and polyploidy are common phenomena in ferns, and the genus Dryopteris is known to be one of the most freely-hybridizing fern genera.[1] North American botanists recognized early that there were close relationships between many of the species of Dryopteris on the continent, and that these relationships reflected hybrid ancestry.[2] The complex includes six sexual diploid parents (one of which, "D. semicristata", is hypothesized to be extinct[3]), six sexual allopolyploids, and numerous sterile hybrids at various ploidal levels.
^Sessa, Emily B.; Zhang, Li-Bing; Väre, Henry; Juslén, Aino (2015-08-01). "What We Do (and Don't) Know About Ferns: Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae) as a Case Study". Systematic Botany. 40 (2): 387–399. doi:10.1600/036364415X688844.
^Montgomery, J; Wagner, WH (1993). Flora of North America North of Mexico, vol. 2. New York, New York: Oxford University Press.
^Sessa, Emily B; Zimmer, Elizabeth A; Givnish, Thomas J (2012). "Unraveling reticulate evolution in North American Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae)". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 12 (1): 104. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-12-104. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 3509404. PMID 22748145.
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