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Norodom Sihanouk information


Norodom Sihanouk
Sihanouk smiling in a black-and-white photograph
Sihanouk in 1983
King of Cambodia
First reign24 April 1941 – 2 March 1955
Coronation3 May 1941
PredecessorSisowath Monivong
SuccessorNorodom Suramarit
Prime ministers
See list
  • Himself
  • Son Ngoc Thanh
  • Sisowath Monireth
  • Sisowath Youtevong
  • Sisowath Watchayavong
  • Chhean Vam
  • Penn Nouth
  • Yem Sambaur
  • Ieu Koeus
  • Sisowath Monipong
  • Oum Chheang Sun
  • Huy Kanthoul
  • Chan Nak
  • Leng Ngeth
Second reign24 September 1993 – 7 October 2004
PredecessorMonarchy restored;
Himself as Chief of State
SuccessorNorodom Sihamoni
Prime ministers
See list
  • Norodom Ranariddh
  • Hun Sen
  • Ung Huot
Chief of State of Cambodia
First rule20 June 1960 – 18 March 1970
PredecessorChuop Hell (acting)
SuccessorCheng Heng (acting)
QueenSisowath Kossamak
Second rule14 June – 24 September 1993
PredecessorChea Sim as President of the Council of State
SuccessorHimself as King
President of the State Presidium
Presidency17 April 1975 – 2 April 1976
PredecessorSak Sutsakhan as Chairman of the Supreme Committee
SuccessorKhieu Samphan as Chairman of the State Presidium
Prime MinisterPenn Nouth
Born(1922-10-31)31 October 1922
Phnom Penh, Cambodia, French Indochina
Died15 October 2012(2012-10-15) (aged 89)
Beijing, China
Burial13 July 2014
Silver Pagoda, Royal Palace of Cambodia (interment of ashes)
Spouse
See list
  • Phat Kanhol
    (m. 1942; div. 1946)
  • Sisowath Pongsanmoni
    (m. 1942; div. 1951)
  • Sisowath Monikessan
    (m. 1944; died 1946)
  • Mam Manivan Phanivong
    (m. 1949; div. 1955)
  • Norodom Thavet Norleak
    (m. 1955; div. 1968)
  • Norodom Monineath
    (m. 1955)
Issue
Detail
See list
  • Princess Buppha Devi
  • Prince Yuvaneath
  • Prince Ranariddh
  • Prince Ravivong
  • Prince Chakrapong
  • Prince Naradipo
  • Princess Sorya Roeungsi
  • Princess Kantha Bopha
  • Prince Khemanourak
  • Princess Botum Bopha
  • Princess Sujata
  • King Norodom Sihamoni
  • Prince Narindrapong
  • Princess Arunrasmy
HouseNorodom
FatherNorodom Suramarit
MotherSisowath Kossamak
ReligionTheravada Buddhism
EducationCavalry School
Occupations
Political party
  • Independent (1945–1955, 1970–1981, 1991–2012)
  • Sangkum (1955–1970)
  • FUNCINPEC (1981–1991)
Websitewww.norodomsihanouk.info Edit this at Wikidata
SignatureNorodom Sihanouk's signature
Other offices
President of the Council of Kingdom
In office
October 1955 – January 1956
MonarchNorodom Suramarit
Preceded byPenn Nouth
Succeeded bySim Var
Prime Minister of Cambodia
In office
17 November 1961 – 13 February 1962
PresidentHimself as Chief of State
Preceded byPenn Nouth
Succeeded byNhiek Tioulong (acting)
In office
10 July 1958 – 19 April 1960
MonarchNorodom Suramarit
Preceded bySim Var
Succeeded byPho Proeung
In office
9 April 1957 – 7 July 1957
MonarchNorodom Suramarit
Preceded bySan Yun
Succeeded bySim Var
In office
15 September 1956 – 15 October 1956
MonarchNorodom Suramarit
Preceded byKhim Tit
Succeeded bySan Yun
In office
1 March 1956 – 24 March 1956
MonarchNorodom Suramarit
Preceded byOum Chheang Sun
Succeeded byKhim Tit
In office
3 October 1955 – 5 January 1956
MonarchNorodom Suramarit
Preceded byLeng Ngeth
Succeeded byOum Chheang Sun
In office
7 April 1954 – 18 April 1954
MonarchHimself
Preceded byChan Nak
Succeeded byPenn Nouth
In office
16 June 1952 – 24 January 1953
MonarchHimself
Preceded byHuy Kanthoul
Succeeded byPenn Nouth
In office
28 April 1950 – 30 May 1950
MonarchHimself
Preceded byYem Sambaur
Succeeded bySisowath Monipong
In office
18 March 1945 – 13 August 1945
MonarchHimself
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded bySon Ngoc Thanh

Norodom Sihanouk[a][b] (/ˈshənʊk/; 31 October 1922 – 15 October 2012) was a Cambodian politician, film director, and composer who led Cambodia in various capacities throughout his long career, most often as both King and Prime Minister of Cambodia. In Cambodia, he is known as Samdech Euv[c] (meaning "King Father"). During his lifetime, Cambodia was under various regimes, from French colonial rule (until 1953), a Japanese puppet state (1945), an independent kingdom (1953–1970), a military republic (1970–1975), the Khmer Rouge regime (1975–1979), a Vietnamese-backed communist regime (1979–1989), a transitional communist regime (1989–1993) to eventually another kingdom (since 1993).

Sihanouk was the only child of Prince Norodom Suramarit and Princess Sisowath Kossamak, daughter of King Sisowath Monivong. When his grandfather Monivong died in 1941, Sihanouk became king amidst French colonial rule. After the Japanese occupation of Cambodia during World War II, he secured Cambodian independence from France in 1953. He abdicated in 1955 and was succeeded by his father, Suramarit, so as to directly participate in politics. Sihanouk's political organization Sangkum won the general elections that year, and he became prime minister of Cambodia. He governed the country under one-party rule and suppressed political dissent. After his father died in 1960, Sihanouk assumed a new position as Chief of State of Cambodia.

Officially neutral in foreign relations, Sihanouk was closer to the communist bloc in practice. The 1970 Cambodian coup d'état ousted him, and he fled to China and North Korea, forming a government-in-exile and a resistance movement there. He encouraged Cambodians to fight the new government and backed the Khmer Rouge during the Cambodian Civil War. He returned as figurehead head of state after the Khmer Rouge's victory in 1975. His relations with the new government soured, and in 1976 he resigned. He was placed under house arrest until Vietnamese forces overthrew the Khmer Rouge in 1979.

Sihanouk went into exile again and in 1981 formed FUNCINPEC, a resistance party. The following year, he became president of the Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea (CGDK), a broad coalition of anti-Vietnamese resistance factions which retained Cambodia's seat at the United Nations, making him Cambodia's internationally recognized head of state. In the late 1980s, informal talks were carried out to end hostilities between the Vietnam-supported People's Republic of Kampuchea and the CGDK. In 1990, the Supreme National Council of Cambodia was formed as a transitional body to oversee Cambodia's sovereign matters, with Sihanouk as its president. The 1991 Paris Peace Accords were signed, and the UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) was established the following year. The UNTAC organized the general elections in 1993, and a coalition government, jointly led by his son Norodom Ranariddh and Hun Sen, was subsequently formed. Sihanouk was reinstated as Cambodia's king. He abdicated again in 2004, and the Royal Council of the Throne chose his son Sihamoni as his successor. Sihanouk died in Beijing in 2012.

Between 1941 and 2006, Sihanouk produced and directed 50 films, some of which he acted in. The films, later described as being of low quality, often featured nationalistic elements, as did a number of the songs he wrote. Some of his songs were about his wife Monique, the nations neighboring Cambodia, and the communist leaders who supported him in his exile. In the 1980s, Sihanouk held concerts for diplomats in New York City. He also participated in concerts at his palace during his second reign. Sihanouk is remembered for his role in shaping modern Cambodia, particularly in leading the country to independence, although his reputation was damaged by his association with the Khmer Rouge in the 1970s.


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Norodom Sihanouk

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Norodom Sihanouk (/ˈsiːhənʊk/; 31 October 1922 – 15 October 2012) was a Cambodian politician, film director, and composer who led Cambodia in various capacities...

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Norodom Monineath

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wife of King Norodom Sihanouk. She is the widow of King-Father Norodom Sihanouk, whom she married in 1955 as the "secondary consort" (Sihanouk married his...

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Norodom Sihamoni

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the abdication of his father, Norodom Sihanouk. He is the eldest son of King Sihanouk and former Queen consort Norodom Monineath and is the fourth monarch...

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Norodom Ranariddh

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law academic. He was the second son of King Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia and a half-brother of King Norodom Sihamoni. Ranariddh was the president of FUNCINPEC...

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Norodom Suramarit

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of King Norodom Sihanouk and the grandfather of Cambodia's current king, Norodom Sihamoni. Suramarit was born in Phnom Penh to Prince Norodom Sutharot...

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Norodom Buppha Devi

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Arts. She was the daughter of Norodom Sihanouk and the late Neak Moneang Phat Kanhol, the elder sister of Prince Norodom Ranariddh, and a half-sibling...

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Norodom Sihanouk filmography

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Norodom Sihanouk was the King of Cambodia who reigned between 1941 and 1955 and again from 1993 to 2004. Sihanouk was also known as a filmmaker. He often...

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Norodom Narindrapong

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Cambodia. He was born in Phnom Penh to King Father Norodom Sihanouk and Queen Mother Norodom Monineath Sihanouk. The prince studied philosophy, criminology,...

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Cambodia

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Cambodia, Routledge, 2004, p.22 Norodom Sihanouk (1973). My War with the CIA, The Memoirs of Prince Norodom Sihanouk as related to Wilfred Burchett. Pantheon...

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Norodom Jenna

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French. She is a granddaughter of Prince Norodom Chakrapong and a great-granddaughter of the late King Norodom Sihanouk. She had no royal status in the royal...

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Norodom Chakrapong

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Armed Forces. He is the fourth son of Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia and also a half-brother of the current king, Norodom Sihamoni. Chakrapong started his career...

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GRUNK

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Kampuchea") between the supporters of exiled Head of State Prince Norodom Sihanouk and the Khmer Rouge ("Red Khmer", an appellation he had himself coined...

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Norodom Sihanouk Memorial

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The Norodom Sihanouk Memorial, also called the Statue of King Father Norodom Sihanouk, is a monument commemorating former King Norodom Sihanouk located...

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Pol Pot

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the Khmer Viet Minh organisation and its guerrilla war against King Norodom Sihanouk's newly independent government. Following the Khmer Viet Minh's 1954...

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House of Norodom

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1904–1975) Norodom Kantol (1920–1976) Norodom Sihanouk (1922–2012) Norodom Monineath (by marriage; born 1936) Norodom Yuvaneath (1943–2021) Norodom Buppha...

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Sisowath Kossamak

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of the monarchy in 1970. After her husband's death in 1960, her son Norodom Sihanouk became chief of state, while Kossamak played an important public representational...

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Death and state funeral of Norodom Sihanouk

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On 15 October 2012, former Cambodian King and Prime Minister Norodom Sihanouk died at the age of 89, in Beijing, China, after suffering health issues....

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Lon Nol

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and conservative, he led the military coup of 1970 against Prince Norodom Sihanouk, abolished the monarchy, and established the short-lived Khmer Republic...

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Sangkum

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'Community'), was a political organisation set up on 22 March 1955 by Prince Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia. Though it described itself as a 'movement' rather than...

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Sisowath Sirik Matak

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authorities selected Sirik Matak's cousin Norodom Sihanouk to be King, believing him to be relatively pliant. Sihanouk later accused Sirik Matak of harbouring...

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Norodom Yuvaneath

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Prince Norodom Yuvaneath (Khmer: នរោត្តម យុវនាថ, 17 October 1943 – 13 January 2021) was the first son of the late king of Cambodia, Norodom Sihanouk and...

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Sihanouk International Airport

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international airport. It is named, like the province itself, after King Norodom Sihanouk. The airport is also known as Kang Keng Airport (Khmer: អាកាសយានដ្ឋានកងកេង)...

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Hun Sen

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When Lon Nol removed Norodom Sihanouk from power in 1970, Sen gave up his education to join the Khmer Rouge following Sihanouk's call to join the insurgency...

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FUNCINPEC

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FUNCINPEC, is a royalist political party in Cambodia. Founded in 1981 by Norodom Sihanouk, it began as a resistance movement against the People's Republic of...

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Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum

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1966–1968. Chhum was awarded the honorary title "Samdech" in 1993 by King Norodom Sihanouk. Chhum was born into an ethnic Khmer (Khmer Krom) family in the commune...

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Norodom Arunrasmy

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She is the youngest daughter of HM King Father Norodom Sihanouk and stepdaughter of Queen Mother Norodom Monineath. Her birth mother is Mam Manivan Phanivong...

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Norodom Kantol

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as foreign minister under the Sangkum government led by his cousin, Norodom Sihanouk. During the Khmer Republic regime of Lon Nol, he was imprisoned along...

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