Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Nile red (also known as Nile blue oxazone) is a lipophilic stain. Nile red stains intracellular lipid droplets yellow. In most polar solvents, Nile red will not fluoresce; however, when in a lipid-rich environment, it can be intensely fluorescent, with varying colors from deep red (for polar membrane lipid) to strong yellow-gold emission (for neutral lipid in intracellular storages). The dye is highly solvatochromic and its emission and excitation wavelength both shift depending on solvent polarity[1] and in polar media will hardly fluoresce at all.[2]
Nile red has applications in cell biology, where it can be used as a membrane dye which can be readily visualized using an epifluorescence microscope with excitation and emission wavelengths usually shared with red fluorescent protein. Nile red has also been used as part of a sensitive detection process for microplastics in bottled water.[3][4] Additionally, nile red is a remarkable candidator in fabricating membrane for different sensors to detect environmental changes, such as taste, gas, pH, etc.[5]
In triglycerides (a neutral lipid), Nile red has an excitation maximum of about 515 nm (green), and emission maximum of about 585 nm (yellow-orange).[6] In contrast, in phospholipids (polar lipids), Nile red has an excitation maximum of about 554 nm (green), and an emission maximum of about 638 nm (red).[7]
The diffusion coefficient of Nile red in ethanol has been reported 470 μm2/s.[8]
^Plenderleith, Richard; Swift, Thomas; Rimmer, Stephen (2014). "Highly-branched poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)s with core–shell morphology below the lower critical solution temperature". RSC Advances. 4 (92): 50932–50937. doi:10.1039/C4RA10076J. hdl:10454/11180.
^Greenspan, P; Mayer, E P; Fowler, S D (1 March 1985). "Nile red: a selective fluorescent stain for intracellular lipid droplets". The Journal of Cell Biology. 100 (3): 965–973. doi:10.1083/jcb.100.3.965. PMC 2113505. PMID 3972906.
^David Shukman (15 March 2018). "Plastic: WHO launches health review". BBC News Online.
^Mason, Sherri A.; Welch, Victoria G.; Neratko, Joseph (11 September 2018). "Synthetic Polymer Contamination in Bottled Water". Frontiers in Chemistry. 6: 407. Bibcode:2018FrCh....6..407M. doi:10.3389/fchem.2018.00407. PMC 6141690. PMID 30255015.
^Khalilian, Alireza; Khan, Md. Rajibur Rahaman; Kang, Shin-Won (1 October 2017). "Highly sensitive and wide-dynamic-range side-polished fiber-optic taste sensor". Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical. 249: 700–707. doi:10.1016/j.snb.2017.04.088.
^"Fluorescence SpectraViewer - Nile Red triglycerides". Thermo Fisher Scientific. 17 May 2017. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
^"Fluorescence SpectraViewer - Nile Red phospholipids". Thermo Fisher Scientific. 17 May 2017. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
^Shafiee, Omid; Jenkins, Samantha G.; Ito, Takashi; Higgins, Daniel A. (27 January 2023). "Diffusion of hydrophilic to hydrophobic forms of Nile red in aqueous C12EO10 gels by variable area fluorescence correlation spectroscopy". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 25 (4): 2853–2861. doi:10.1039/D2CP05578C. ISSN 1463-9084.
Nilered (also known as Nile blue oxazone) is a lipophilic stain. Nilered stains intracellular lipid droplets yellow. In most polar solvents, Nile red...
eukaryotic cells. Boiling a solution of Nile blue with sulfuric acid produces Nilered (Nile blue oxazone). Nile blue is a fluorescent dye. The fluorescence...
The Nile is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa. It flows into the Mediterranean Sea. The Nile is the longest river in Africa and has historically...
species lacks the striped tail pattern, has a red edge to the dorsal fin (this edge is gray or black in Nile tilapia), and males are bluish overall when...
The Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) is a large crocodilian native to freshwater habitats in Africa, where it is present in 26 countries. It is widely...
The Nile monitor (Varanus niloticus) is a large member of the monitor family (Varanidae) found throughout most of Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in drier...
Nile Gregory Rodgers Jr. (born September 19, 1952) is an American musician, songwriter and record producer. The co-founder of Chic, he has written, produced...
the Nile River are red with lotus flowers. The Lower Nile (North) and the Upper Nile (South) have plants that grow in abundance. The Upper Nile plant...
The Nile perch (Lates niloticus), also known as the African snook, Goliath perch, African barramundi, Goliath barramundi, Giant lates or the Victoria perch...
Death on the Nile is a work of detective fiction by British writer Agatha Christie, published in the UK by the Collins Crime Club on 1 November 1937 and...
the ships travelled up the Red Sea, from where the cargo was carried overland or via the Nile-Red Sea canal to the Nile River, barged to Alexandria,...
coral reefs. Sudan has islands located in the Nile and other rivers, in lakes and reservoirs and in the Red Sea. Tuti Island, Aba Island, Badien Island...
Nile Ranger (born 11 April 1991) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker. He is currently a free agent. Previously with Crystal Palace...
Nile Clarke Kinnick Jr. (July 9, 1918 – June 2, 1943) was an American naval aviator, law student, and college football player for the Iowa Hawkeyes. He...
Colors of a single chemical (Nilered) in different solvents, under visible and UV light, showing how the chemical interacts dynamically with its solvent...
West Asia. Egypt has coastlines on the Mediterranean Sea, the River Nile, and the Red Sea. Egypt borders Libya to the west, Israel to the east and Sudan...
The Nile Expedition, sometimes called the Gordon Relief Expedition (1884–1885), was a British mission to relieve Major-General Charles George Gordon at...
Nilered at daylight (top row) and UV-light (second row) in different solvents. From left to right: 1. Water, 2. Methanol, 3. Ethanol, 4. Acetonitrile...
reagent in the Meyers synthesis of aldehydes. Fluorescent dyes such as Nilered and Nile blue are based on the aromatic compound benzophenoxazine. Cinnabarine...
On the Nile is the debut studio album by American electro artist Greg Broussard under the alias of The Egyptian Lover. The album involves party-themed...
Ancient west–east canals were built to facilitate travel from the Nile to the Red Sea. One smaller canal is believed to have been constructed under the...
one of the 27 governorates (States) of Egypt. Located between the Nile and the Red Sea in the southeast of the country, its southern border forms part...
The word Deshret also referred to the desert Red Land on either side of Kemet (Black Land), the fertile Nile river basin. In mythology, the earth deity...
The Crossing of the Red Sea or Parting of the Red Sea (Hebrew: קריעת ים סוף, romanized: Kriat Yam Suph, lit. "parting of the sea of reeds") is an episode...
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