"NZE" redirects here. For other uses, see NZE (disambiguation).
New Zealand English
Region
New Zealand
Ethnicity
New Zealanders
Native speakers
3.8 million in New Zealand (2013 census)[1] 150,000 L2 speakers of English in New Zealand (Crystal 2003)
Language family
Indo-European
Germanic
West Germanic
Ingvaeonic
Anglo-Frisian
Anglic
English
New Zealand English
Early forms
Old English
Middle English
Early Modern English
Modern English
19th century Cockney English[2]
Writing system
Latin (English alphabet) Unified English Braille
Language codes
ISO 639-3
–
Glottolog
newz1240
IETF
en-NZ
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see also: List of dialects of English
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New Zealand English (NZE) is the variant of the English language spoken and written by most English-speaking New Zealanders.[3] Its language code in ISO and Internet standards is en-NZ.[4] English is the first language of the majority of the population.
The English language was established in New Zealand by colonists during the 19th century. It is one of "the newest native-speaker variet[ies] of the English language in existence, a variety which has developed and become distinctive only in the last 150 years".[5] The varieties of English that had the biggest influence on the development of New Zealand English were Australian English and Southern England English, with lesser influences from American English, Hiberno-English, Scottish English and the British prestige accent Received Pronunciation (RP).[6] An important source of vocabulary is the Māori language of the indigenous people of New Zealand, whose contribution distinguishes New Zealand English from other varieties.[6]
Non-rhotic New Zealand English is most similar to Australian English in pronunciation, but has key differences.[7] A prominent difference is the realisation of /ɪ/ (the KIT vowel): in New Zealand English this is pronounced as a schwa. New Zealand English has several increasingly distinct varieties, and while most New Zealanders speak non-rhotic English, rhoticity is increasing quickly, especially among Pasifika and Māori in Auckland and the upper North Island.[8][failed verification]
^English (New Zealand) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^Maclagan, Margaret; Lewis, Gillian; Gordon, Elizabeth; Trudgill, Peter (2000). "Determinism in new-dialect formation and the genesis of New Zealand English". Journal of Linguistics. 36 (2): 300. doi:10.1017/S0022226700008161. S2CID 143393175.
^Hay, Jennifer; Maclagan, Margaret; Gordon, Elizabeth (2008). New Zealand English. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
^en-NZ is the language code for New Zealand English, as defined by ISO standards (see ISO 639-1 and ISO 3166-1 alpha-2) and Internet standards (see IETF language tag).
^Maclagan, Margaret; Lewis, Gillian; Gordon, Elizabeth; Trudgill, Peter (2000). "Determinism in new-dialect formation and the genesis of New Zealand English". Journal of Linguistics. 36 (2): 300. doi:10.1017/S0022226700008161. S2CID 143393175.
^ abBayard, Donn (2000). "New Zealand English: Origins, Relationships, and Prospects" (PDF). Moderna Språk. 94 (1). Sweden: Linnaeus University: 8–14. doi:10.58221/mosp.v94i1.9625. ISSN 2000-3560. S2CID 254175799. Retrieved 24 July 2010.
^Bauer, Laurie (2011). "Origins of NZ English" (PDF). School of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 August 2022. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
^Cite error: The named reference explained was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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