Nevado San Francisco information

Nevado San Francisco
Nevado San Francisco
Highest point
Elevation	6,016 m (19,738 ft)
Prominence	1,124 metres (3,688 ft)
Parent peak	Ojos del Salado
Coordinates	26°55′07.68″S 068°15′45.71″W / 26.9188000°S 68.2626972°W
Geography
Location	Argentina-Chile
Parent range	Andes
Geology
Age of rock	1.34 - 1.32 million years ago
Mountain type	Stratovolcano
Last eruption	Unknown
Climbing
First ascent	16 December 1913 - Walther Penck (Germany)

Nevado San Francisco, or Cerro San Francisco (Spanish pronunciation: [neˈβaðo/ˈsero saɱ fɾanˈsisko]), is a stratovolcano on the border between Argentina and Chile,^[3] located just southeast of San Francisco Pass. It is considered extinct and is one of the several 6,000 m (19,700 ft) peaks in the area, of which the chief is the Ojos del Salado. It is on the border of 2 provinces: Argentinean province of Catamarca; Chilean province of Copiapo.^[4]^[5]^[6]

The volcano is part of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes^[7] and reaches an elevation of 6,016 metres (19,738 ft).^[8]^[4]^[a]^[b] It is composed from andesite with the exception of basaltic cones and lava flows on the eastern side. These cones are part of the Peinado lineament and a sample was dated 200,000 years ago by argon chronology.^[15]^: 74–75 They are noteworthy for their olivine phenocrysts.^[7] One lava flow less than one million years old reaches a length of 11 kilometres (6.8 mi).^[16] The western slopes contain dacitic lava domes.^[17] On the summit lie two circle-shaped constructs, of Inca or Formative period ages.^[15] San Francisco was first climbed by Walther Penck (Germany) on 16 December 1913.^[18]

^ "San Francisco". Andes Specialists. Retrieved 2020-04-12.
^ Walter Penck (1912–1914). Diarios de investigaciones y viajes a la Cordillera de los Andes.
^ Biggar, John (2020). The Andes a guide for climbers (5th ed.). Castle Douglas, Scotland. ISBN 978-0-9536087-7-5. OCLC 1260820889.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference Kausch was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "Capas SIG | Instituto Geográfico Nacional". www.ign.gob.ar. Retrieved 2020-04-30.
^ rbenavente. "Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional | SIIT | Mapas vectoriales". bcn.cl. Retrieved 2020-04-30.
^ ^a ^b Kay, Suzanne Mahlburg; Mpodozis, Constantino; Gardeweg, Moyra (1 January 2014). "Magma sources and tectonic setting of Central Andean andesites (25.5–28°S) related to crustal thickening, forearc subduction erosion and delamination". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 385 (1): 310. Bibcode:2014GSLSP.385..303K. doi:10.1144/SP385.11. ISSN 0305-8719. S2CID 129489335.
^ Difrol Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
^ Cite error: The named reference USGS was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference ASTER was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference ALOS was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference TanDEM was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference AndesSpecialists was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference Specialists was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b Nevado de Incahuasi: The Archaeological Anatomy of a Sacred Mountain in the Andes. 2008. ISBN 978-1-109-06242-7.
^ "Comunicación | Conicet". www.conicet.gov.ar (in European Spanish). Retrieved 7 July 2017.
^ Baker, P. E.; Gonzalez-Ferran, O.; Rex, D. C. (1 February 1987). "Geology and geochemistry of the Ojos del Salado volcanic region, Chile". Journal of the Geological Society. 144 (1): 89. Bibcode:1987JGSoc.144...85B. doi:10.1144/gsjgs.144.1.0085. ISSN 0016-7649. S2CID 130046594.
^ Penck, Walter (1912–1914). Diarios de investigaciones y viajes a la Cordillera de los Andes.

Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

[1] "San Francisco". Andes Specialists. Retrieved 2020-04-12.

[2] Walter Penck (1912–1914). Diarios de investigaciones y viajes a la Cordillera de los Andes.

[3] Biggar, John (2020). The Andes a guide for climbers (5th ed.). Castle Douglas, Scotland. ISBN 978-0-9536087-7-5. OCLC 1260820889.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[Kausch-4] Cite error: The named reference Kausch was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[5] "Capas SIG | Instituto Geográfico Nacional". www.ign.gob.ar. Retrieved 2020-04-30.

[6] rbenavente. "Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional | SIIT | Mapas vectoriales". bcn.cl. Retrieved 2020-04-30.

[:0-7] Kay, Suzanne Mahlburg; Mpodozis, Constantino; Gardeweg, Moyra (1 January 2014). "Magma sources and tectonic setting of Central Andean andesites (25.5–28°S) related to crustal thickening, forearc subduction erosion and delamination". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 385 (1): 310. Bibcode:2014GSLSP.385..303K. doi:10.1144/SP385.11. ISSN 0305-8719. S2CID 129489335.

[dif-8] Difrol Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine

[USGS-9] Cite error: The named reference USGS was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[ASTER-10] Cite error: The named reference ASTER was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[ALOS-11] Cite error: The named reference ALOS was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[TanDEM-12] Cite error: The named reference TanDEM was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[AndesSpecialists-13] Cite error: The named reference AndesSpecialists was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Specialists-15] Cite error: The named reference Specialists was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Incahuasi-17] Nevado de Incahuasi: The Archaeological Anatomy of a Sacred Mountain in the Andes. 2008. ISBN 978-1-109-06242-7.

[18] "Comunicación | Conicet". www.conicet.gov.ar (in European Spanish). Retrieved 7 July 2017.

[19] Baker, P. E.; Gonzalez-Ferran, O.; Rex, D. C. (1 February 1987). "Geology and geochemistry of the Ojos del Salado volcanic region, Chile". Journal of the Geological Society. 144 (1): 89. Bibcode:1987JGSoc.144...85B. doi:10.1144/gsjgs.144.1.0085. ISSN 0016-7649. S2CID 130046594.

[20] Penck, Walter (1912–1914). Diarios de investigaciones y viajes a la Cordillera de los Andes.

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