"Layer 3" redirects here. For the MPEG-1 Audio format, see MP3. For the layer in the cerebral cortex, see Cerebral cortex § Layered_structure.
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OSI model by layer
7. Application layer
NNTP
SIP
SSI
DNS
FTP
Gopher
HTTP (HTTP/3)
NFS
NTP
SMPP
SSH
SMTP
SNMP
Telnet
DHCP
NETCONF
more....
6. Presentation layer
MIME
XDR
ASN.1
ASCII
TLS
PGP
5. Session layer
Named pipe
NetBIOS
SAP
PPTP
RTP
SOCKS
X.225[1]
4. Transport layer
TCP
UDP
SCTP
DCCP
QUIC
SPX
3. Network layer
IP
IPv4
IPv6
ICMP (ICMPv6)
IPsec
IGMP
IPX
IS-IS
AppleTalk
X.25
PLP
2. Data link layer
ATM
ARP
SDLC
HDLC
CSLIP
SLIP
GFP
PLIP
IEEE 802.2
LLC
MAC
L2TP
IEEE 802.3
Frame Relay
ITU-T G.hn DLL
PPP
X.25 LAPB
Q.922 LAPF
IEEE 802.11
1. Physical layer
RS-232
RS-449
ITU-T V-Series
I.430
I.431
PDH
SONET/SDH
PON
OTN
DSL
IEEE 802.3
IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.15
IEEE 802.16
IEEE 1394
ITU-T G.hn PHY
USB
Bluetooth
v
t
e
In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the network layer is layer 3. The network layer is responsible for packet forwarding including routing through intermediate routers.[2]
^"X.225 : Information technology – Open Systems Interconnection – Connection-oriented Session protocol: Protocol specification". Archived from the original on 1 February 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the networklayer is layer 3. The networklayer is responsible for packet forwarding including routing...
between systems are split into seven different abstraction layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application. The model...
computer networking, the link layer is the lowest layer in the Internet protocol suite, the networking architecture of the Internet. The link layer is the...
neural network (FNN) is one of the two broad types of artificial neural network, characterized by direction of the flow of information between its layers. Its...
application layer is an abstraction layer that specifies the shared communication protocols and interface methods used by hosts in a communications network. An...
the layers are the link layer, containing communication methods for data that remains within a single network segment (link); the internet layer, providing...
The data link layer, or layer 2, is the second layer of the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking. This layer is the protocol layer that transfers...
In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the physical layer or layer 1 is the first and lowest layer: the layer most closely associated with...
In computer networking, the transport layer is a conceptual division of methods in the layered architecture of protocols in the network stack in the Internet...
a computer networking device that switches on OSI layer 2 like an ordinary network switch and provides extra functions on higher OSI layers. The MLS was...
existing neural network architectures can be interpreted as GNNs operating on suitably defined graphs. A convolutional neural networklayer, in the context...
forward data at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model. Some switches can also forward data at the networklayer (layer 3) by additionally incorporating...
In computer networking, a network service is an application running at the network application layer and above, that provides data storage, manipulation...
In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the session layer is layer 5. The session layer provides the mechanism for opening, closing and managing...
overlay network is a computer network that is layered on top of another (logical as opposed to physical) network. The concept of overlay networking is distinct...
In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the presentation layer is layer 6 and serves as the data translator for the network. It is sometimes...
seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, packet strictly refers to a protocol data unit at layer 3, the networklayer. A data unit at layer 2, the...
neural networks, are prevented by using regularized weights over fewer connections. For example, for each neuron in the fully-connected layer, 10,000...
of layerednetwork architecture. Abstraction layers are used to subdivide a communications system further into smaller manageable parts. A layer is a...
Network Abstraction Layer (NAL) is a part of the H.264/AVC and HEVC video coding standards. The main goal of the NAL is the provision of a "network-friendly"...
It uses Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) to tunnel layer 2 packets over layer 3 networks. Its principal backer is Microsoft. Virtual Extensible LAN...
control are invisible to the LLC and upper layers of the network stack. Thus any LLC sublayer (and higher layers) may be used with any MAC. In turn, the...
[protocol stack is a] set of network protocol layers that work together. The OSI Reference Model that defines seven protocol layers is often called a stack...
communication protocols, an early example of the protocol layering concept. The CYCLADES network, designed by Louis Pouzin in the early 1970s was the first...
In computer networking, Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) is a tunneling protocol used to support virtual private networks (VPNs) or as part of the delivery...
Standard STD 37. ARP has been implemented with many combinations of network and data link layer technologies, such as IPv4, Chaosnet, DECnet and Xerox PARC Universal...
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