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Category: Biodiversity
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A natural landscape is the original landscape that exists before it is acted upon by human culture.[note 1] The natural landscape and the cultural landscape are separate parts of the landscape.[note 2] However, in the 21st century, landscapes that are totally untouched by human activity no longer exist,[3] so that reference is sometimes now made to degrees of naturalness within a landscape.[note 3]
In Silent Spring (1962) Rachel Carson describes a roadside verge as it used to look: "Along the roads, laurel, viburnum and alder, great ferns and wildflowers delighted the traveler’s eye through much of the year" and then how it looks now following the use of herbicides: "The roadsides, once so attractive, were now lined with browned and withered vegetation as though swept by fire".[4] Even though the landscape before it is sprayed is biologically degraded, and may well contains alien species, the concept of what might constitute a natural landscape can still be deduced from the context.
The phrase "natural landscape" was first used in connection with landscape painting, and landscape gardening, to contrast a formal style with a more natural one, closer to nature. Alexander von Humboldt (1769 – 1859) was to further conceptualize this into the idea of a natural landscape separate from the cultural landscape. Then in 1908 geographer Otto Schlüter developed the terms original landscape (Urlandschaft) and its opposite cultural landscape (Kulturlandschaft) in an attempt to give the science of geography a subject matter that was different from the other sciences. An early use of the actual phrase "natural landscape" by a geographer can be found in Carl O. Sauer's paper "The Morphology of Landscape" (1925).[5]
^Carl O. Sauer, "The Morphology of Landscape". University of California Publications in Geography, vol. 2, No. 2, 12 October 1925, p. 37. https://archive.org/stream/universityofc02univ/universityofc02univ_djvu.txt
^Carl O. Sauer, "The Morphology of Landscape", p. 46.
^Nuwer, Rachel. "There's no such thing as truly 'pristine' nature anymore". bbc.com. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
^Cambridge, Mass.: Riverside Press, 1962, p. 1.
^Carl O. Sauer, "The Morphology of Landscape". University of California Publications in Geography 2 (2), pp. 19-53.
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A naturallandscape is the original landscape that exists before it is acted upon by human culture. The naturallandscape and the cultural landscape are...
A landscape is the visible features of an area of land, its landforms, and how they integrate with natural or human-made features, often considered in...
Naturallandscaping, also called native gardening, is the use of native plants including trees, shrubs, groundcover, and grasses which are local to the...
significant landscape value. Areas are designated in recognition of their national importance by the relevant public body: Natural England, Natural Resources...
fractal landscape or fractal surface is generated using a stochastic algorithm designed to produce fractal behavior that mimics the appearance of natural terrain...
contrast to the natural environment is the built environment. Built environments are where humans have fundamentally transformed landscapes such as urban...
craft of growing plants with a goal of creating a beauty within the landscape. Natural abiotic elements, such as landforms, terrain shape and elevation,...
"continuing landscape" an "associative cultural landscape" which may be valued because of the "religious, artistic or cultural associations of the natural element...
National NaturalLandscapes is an umbrella label which reunites all protected areas in Germany since 2005. At the moment there are 14 national parks, 16...
An intact forest landscape (IFL) is an unbroken naturallandscape of a forest ecosystem and its habitat–plant community components, in an extant forest...
A natural region (landscape unit) is a basic geographic unit. Usually, it is a region which is distinguished by its common natural features of geography...
as water-conserving landscaping, drought-tolerant landscaping, and smart scaping are used instead. The use of plants whose natural requirements are appropriate...
beyond 70. On average, they die after eight years. Shrubland is the naturallandscape dominated by various shrubs; there are many distinct types around...
The English landscape garden, also called English landscape park or simply the English garden (French: Jardin à l'anglaise, Italian: Giardino all'inglese...
their local landscapes but also shaping those landscapes. This interaction between the naturallandscape and humans creates the cultural landscape. This understanding...
with humanistic and holistic perspectives across the natural sciences and social sciences. Landscapes are spatially heterogeneous geographic areas characterized...
Landscape architecture is the design of outdoor areas, landmarks, and structures to achieve environmental, social-behavioural, or aesthetic outcomes....
ratified The Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage on 12 December 1985. These sites comprise some of the most essential...
nature Human nature Natural building Natural history Naturalism NaturallandscapeNatural law Natural resource Natural science Natural theology Nature reserve...
ancient times and now promotes awareness and mental stimulation. Naturallandscapes: This is done through creating self-sustaining ecosystems into the...
then called a fitness landscape. The idea of a fitness landscape is a metaphor to help explain flawed forms in evolution by natural selection, including...
(stewardship). Natural resource management deals with managing the way in which people and naturallandscapes interact. It brings together natural heritage...
highlight the naturallandscape. Plants and worn, aged materials are generally used by Japanese garden designers to suggest a naturallandscape, and to express...
long-term project in 2001 to improve its campus, enlisting the help of landscape firm Reed Hilderbrand and architects Tadao Ando and Annabelle Selldorf...
declared the Summer Palace "a masterpiece of Chinese landscape garden design. The naturallandscape of hills and open water is combined with artificial...
resembling naturallandscapes. The term also refers to the art of stone appreciation. The stone may be hand-carved or naturally occurring, with natural stones...