Native American mascot laws and regulations information

The use of terms and images referring to Native Americans/First Nations as the name or mascot for a sports team is a topic of public controversy in the United States and in Canada, arising as part of the Native American/First Nations civil rights movements. The retirement of the Washington Redskins and the Cleveland Indians has tipped public opinion in favor of eliminating Native mascots by public school, more states considering or passing legislation to do so, heeding tribal leaders who have advocating for change for decades.^[1]

Statewide laws or school board decisions mandating change have been passed in states with significant Native American population; other states also have official policies that encourage change in accordance with principles of establishing a proper environment for education. However, there has also been resistance and backlash, usually when statewide laws have been viewed as an intrusion into local communities, where no need for change has been established.^[2]

The documents most often cited to justifying the trend for change are an advisory opinion by the United States Commission on Civil Rights in 2001^[3] and a resolution by the American Psychological Association in 2005.^[4] Both support the views of Native American organizations and individuals that such mascots maintaining harmful stereotypes that are discriminatory and cause harm by distorting the past and preventing understanding of Native American/First Nations peoples in the present.

Rex P. Shipp, the state representative for Cedar City, Utah, introduced in 2020 a joint resolution supporting "the appropriate use of names, images, and symbols of Native Americans and other indigenous people by schools or places" and discouraging "removing names, images, and symbols of Native Americans and other indigenous people from schools or places".^[5] Although not having the force of law, the resolution failed on party lines in 2021, with only a few Republicans voting in support.^[6] A similar resolution may be introduced in Idaho.^[7] Following the name change of the Cleveland Indians, two Ohio state representatives have introduced a resolution encouraging Ohio schools to eliminate Native American mascots.^[8]

^ Alex Brown (November 10, 2021). "Heeding Tribal Leaders, States Ban Native Mascots". Pew Trusts.
^ Sinn, Dylan (December 19, 2017). "California law cuts 'Redskins' over school objections". Philip Merrill College of Journalism. Capitol News Service. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
^ "Statement of the United States Commission on Civil Rights on the use of Native American images and nicknames as sports symbols". 2001. Retrieved December 10, 2016.
^ "Summary of the Resolution Recommending Retirement of American Indian Mascots". American Psychological Association. 2005.
^ "H.J.R. 10 Joint Resolution Addressing Use of Names, Images, and Symbols of Native Americans and Other Indigenous People". Utah State Legislature. Retrieved January 22, 2020.
^ Courtney Tanner (February 16, 2021). "Resolution urging Utah schools to retire Native American mascots fails on House floor in surprising vote". The Salt Lake Tribune.
^ Nathan Brown (January 22, 2020). "Idaho lawmaker planning measure in support of American Indian mascots". The Lewiston Tribune.
^ Chris Anderson (August 11, 2021). "Lawmakers push for Ohio's schools to retire use of Native American mascots". WOIO.

[1] Alex Brown (November 10, 2021). "Heeding Tribal Leaders, States Ban Native Mascots". Pew Trusts.

[CNSMaryland.20171219-2] Sinn, Dylan (December 19, 2017). "California law cuts 'Redskins' over school objections". Philip Merrill College of Journalism. Capitol News Service. Retrieved December 20, 2017.

[USCCR-3] "Statement of the United States Commission on Civil Rights on the use of Native American images and nicknames as sports symbols". 2001. Retrieved December 10, 2016.

[APA-4] "Summary of the Resolution Recommending Retirement of American Indian Mascots". American Psychological Association. 2005.

[5] "H.J.R. 10 Joint Resolution Addressing Use of Names, Images, and Symbols of Native Americans and Other Indigenous People". Utah State Legislature. Retrieved January 22, 2020.

[6] Courtney Tanner (February 16, 2021). "Resolution urging Utah schools to retire Native American mascots fails on House floor in surprising vote". The Salt Lake Tribune.

[7] Nathan Brown (January 22, 2020). "Idaho lawmaker planning measure in support of American Indian mascots". The Lewiston Tribune.

[8] Chris Anderson (August 11, 2021). "Lawmakers push for Ohio's schools to retire use of Native American mascots". WOIO.

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