The Nationalist and Integrationist Front (French: Front des Nationalistes et Intégrationnistes, or FNI) is a rebel group active in the Ituri conflict in Ituri, Democratic Republic of the Congo, associated with the Lendu ethnic group. The FNI has fought against ethnic Hema and is blamed for the ambush and murder of nine United Nations peacekeepers near the town of Kafe in February 2005.[1] FNI political leader Floribert Ndjabu was arrested by Congolese authorities, while military head Etienne Lona turned himself in.
The BBC alleges that, in 2005, the Pakistani peacekeepers in Mongbwalu entered in a trading relationship for gold with FNI leaders, eventually drawing Congolese army officers and Indian traders from Kenya into the deal. It is further alleged that these peacekeepers returned weapons taken from the FNI as part of demobilization efforts to FNI leaders known for human rights violations.[2]
A 2005 Human Rights Watch report[3] details the connection between the FNI and the mining corporation AngloGold Ashanti, a subsidiary of the Anglo American plc. AngloGold Ashanti admitted that its employees had paid money to the FNI on more than one occasion, in exchange for access to gold mines in the Ituri province.
In May 2006, one MONUC peacekeeper was killed and seven were taken captive in fighting with the FNI. All of the UN peacekeepers were from Nepal and engaged in operations to disarm the militias 62 miles (100km) west of Bunia, the capital of Ituri.[4] Two of the seven were released in June and the remaining five in mid-July. On 17 July the new leader of the FNI, Peter Karim Udaga, announced that he and sixty of his fighters were ending their battle with the government in exchange for the integration of FNI forces into the national army, including a post of Colonel for Karim.[5][6]
The FNI, the Congolese Revolutionary Movement, and the Front for Patriotic Resistance of Ituri (FRPI) agreed to disarm on 22 August 2007.[7] However, in 2008, several residents in Mongbwalu reported witnessing FNI militias being resupplied by Pakistani UN peacekeepers. The transfer of weapons was confirmed by two FNI leaders currently in prison – "Kung Fu" (Gen. Mateso Ninga) and "Dragon".[8]
^9 U.N. Peacekeepers in Congo Killed by Militia Fighters, New York Times, 26 February 2005
^"UN troops 'traded gold for guns'" by Martin Plaut, BBC News, 22 May 2007
^"The Curse of Gold | Human Rights Watch". Archived from the original on 2008-12-11.
^Rebels hold DR Congo peacekeepers, BBC News, 30 May 2006
^DR Congo rebel chief 'to disarm', BBC News, 17 July 2006
^Kinshasa accepts militia leader's plea to join army Archived 2018-12-05 at the Wayback Machine, IRIN, 14 July 2006
^DR Congo: Ex-militia Members Agree To Disarm Scoop
^"UN troops 'armed DR Congo rebels'", BBC News, 28 April 2008
and 25 Related for: Nationalist and Integrationist Front information
based in Washington, DC National Islamic Front, a political party of Sudan NationalistandIntegrationistFront of Ituri, Democratic Republic of the Congo...
been the commander of the NationalistandIntegrationistFront (FNI), an armed group involved in the Ituri conflict. On and around 23 February 2003, he...
Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) by the NationalistandIntegrationistFront (FNI) and the Front for Patriotic Resistance of Ituri (FRPI). The attackers...
region. The Lendu ethnicity was largely represented by the NationalistandIntegrationistFront (FNI) while the Union of Congolese Patriots (UPC) claimed...
Congolese Patriots (UPC), Nationalist and IntegrationistFront (FNI), Armed Forces of the Congolese People (FAPC), and the Rally for Congolese Democracy-KML...
1950-2009 French car registration system. NationalistandIntegrationistFront (French: Front des Nationalistes et Intégrationnistes), a rebel group in...
Lendu-dominated NationalistandIntegrationistFront (FNI). The Ngiti, organized under traditional leaders, thus formed a counterweight to the Rwanda-backed and Hema-dominated...
killed by members of the NationalistandIntegrationistFront militia in Ituri province. The FNI killed another Nepali peacekeeper and took seven captive in...
UPC) fought the Lendu-backed NationalistandIntegrationistFront (Front des Nationalistes et Intégrationnistes, FNI) and various smaller groups. Sporadic...
Congressional Research Service. Retrieved 28 March 2016. "United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA)". South Asia Terrorism Portal. Retrieved 23 October 2014...
between the Nationalist and IntegrationistFrontand the Union of Congolese Patriots who claimed to represent the Lendu and Hema ethnic groups, respectively...
the Front for Patriotic Resistance in Ituri (FRPI) and coalescing of other armed actors, including combatants from the NationalistandIntegrationist Front...
was arrested along with Floribert Ndjabu, leader of the NationalistandIntegrationistFront. In March 2006, Lubanga was arrested under a warrant issued...
group NationalistandIntegrationistFront (FNI) was founded at Kpandroma in November 2002 by Floribert Njabu, together with two Hema commissioners and an...
hands five times. The NationalistandIntegrationistFront (FNI) Lendu militia emerged the winner. The FNI controlled Mongbwalu and its gold mines until...
name to describe his militia, despite being linked to the NationalistandIntegrationistFront - another Lendu rebel group. The reorganized CODECO once...
peacekeeping force and DRC forces against the NationalistandIntegrationistFront.[citation needed] In the 1990s, the United States developed the Front Line States...
government passed laws to abolish the second round of the presidential election and tried to change the legislative electoral system from proportional to majority...
of the Front for Patriotic Resistance in Ituri (FRPI). Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui was allegedly the leader of the NationalistandIntegrationistFront (FNI)...
1994 Rwandan genocide. Floribert Ndjabu, the leader of the NationalistandIntegrationistFront (FNI) militia operating in northeastern Ituri was arrested...
Floribert Ndjabu is leader of the NationalistIntegrationistFront (Le Front des nationalistes et intégrationnistes – FNI) in Ituri, Democratic Republic...
were Joel Sánchez of the Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA), Manuel Flores of the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN), Luis Parada of...
toward reform, whether instigated by integrationist or nationalist organizations. Reaction in Paris to the nationalists was divided. In the 1930s, French...
vote, whilst his party won a majority of seats in the Chamber of Deputies and Senate. Voter turnout was 96.5%. Dieter Nohlen (2005) Elections in the Americas:...
Global Information