Identity or sense of belonging to one state or one nation
See also: Nation and Nationalism
Part of a series on
Nationalism
Nation forming
Nationalism in the Middle Ages
Anthem
Church
Colours
Emblem
Father
Flag
Epic
God
Identity
Language
Myth
Sport
State
Symbol
Treasure
Core values
Allegiance
Independence
Patriotism
Self-determination
Solidarity
Types
African
Anarchist
Blind
Bourgeois
Business
Welfare
Civic
American
French
Irish
Communist
Constitutional patriotism
Corporate
Cyber-
Ecological
Economic
Ethnic
Ethnopluralism
European
Expansionist
Homosexual
Integral
Left-wing (populism)
Musical
Mystic
Neo-
Pan-
Racial
Arab
Black
Japanese
Shōwa
Korean
White
Zionism
Religious
Christian
Catholic
Clerical
Hindu
Hindutva
Muslim
Sikh
Resource
Revolutionary
National syndicalist
National Bolshevik
Fascism
Legionarism
Nazism
Rexism
Ethnocacerism
Romantic
Technological
Territorial
Trans-
Ultra-
Organizations
List of nationalist organizations
Related concepts
Anationalism
Anti-nationalism
Anti-globalization movement
Anti-imperialism
Banal nationalism
Civil religion
Communitarianism
Cosmopolitanism
Cultural nationalism
Diaspora politics
Ethnocentrism
Francoism
Gender and nationalism
Globalism
Historiography and nationalism
Imagined community
Imperialism
Internationalism
Irredentism
Jingoism
Localism
Militarism
National indifference
Nationalism studies
Nativism
Plurinationalism
Post-
Principle of nationalities [fr]
Racism
Revanchism
Right-wing populism
Seasonal or cultural festival
Subsidiarity
in Catholicism
Trumpism
Xenophobia
Politics portal
v
t
e
National identity is a person's identity or sense of belonging to one or more states or one or more nations.[1][2] It is the sense of "a nation as a cohesive whole, as represented by distinctive traditions, culture, and language".[3] National identity may refer to the subjective feeling one shares with a group of people about a nation, regardless of one's legal citizenship status.[4] National identity is viewed in psychological terms as "an awareness of difference", a "feeling and recognition of 'we' and 'they'".[5] National identity also includes the general population and diaspora of multi-ethnic states and societies that have a shared sense of common identity identical to that of a nation while being made up of several component ethnic groups. Hyphenated ethnicities are examples of the confluence of multiple ethnic and national identities within a single person or entity.
As a collective phenomenon, national identity can arise as a direct result of the presence of elements from the "common points" in people's daily lives: national symbols, language, the nation's history, national consciousness, and cultural artifacts.[6]
Under international law, the term national identity, concerning states, is interchangeable with the term state's identity or sovereign identity of the state. A State's identity by definition, is related to the Constitutional name of the state used as a legal identification in international relations and an essential element of the state's international juridical personality. The sovereign identity of the nation also represents a common denominator for identification of the national culture or cultural identity, and under International Law, any external interference with the cultural identity or cultural beliefs[7] and traditions appear to be inadmissible. Any deprivation or external modification of the cultural national identity violates basic collective human rights.[8]
The expression of one's national identity seen in a positive light is patriotism characterized by national pride and the positive emotion of love for one's country. The extreme expression of national identity is chauvinism, which refers to the firm belief in the country's superiority and extreme loyalty toward one's country.[1]
^ abAshmore, Richard D.; Jussim, Lee; Wilder, David, eds. (2001). Social Identity, Intergroup Conflict, and Conflict Reduction. Oxford University Press. pp. 74–75. ISBN 9780195137439.
^Tajfel, Henri; Turner, John C. (2004). "The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior". In Jost, John T.; Sidanius, Jim (eds.). Key readings in social psychology. Political psychology: Key readings. Psychology Press. pp. 276–293).
^"Definition of National Identity in English". Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2019.
^Guibernau, Montserrat (2004). "Anothony D. Smith on Nations and National Identity: a critical assessment". Nations and Nationalism. 10 (1–2): 125–141. doi:10.1111/j.1354-5078.2004.00159.x.
^Lee, Yoonmi (2012). Modern Education, Textbooks, and the Image of the Nation: Politics and Modernization and Nationalism in Korean Education. Routledge. p. 29. ISBN 9781136600791.
^Cite error: The named reference Kelman was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Under the Convention on the Cultural Policies adopted by UNESCO in 1982, even wrong beliefs (or wrongful national perceptions) must be respected by other nations.
^For example, UNESCO's Declaration (1982) states in paragraph 46: "International cultural co-operation must be based on respect for cultural identity, recognition of the dignity and value of all cultures, national independence and sovereignty, and non-intervention." A similar provision related to cultural sovereignty can be found in the Declaration of the Principles of International Cultural Co-operation, adopted by UNESCO in 1966, where Article 11 (1) reads: "1. In their cultural relations, States shall bear in mind the principles of the United Nations. In seeking to achieve international co-operation, they shall respect the sovereign equality of States and shall refrain from intervention in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any State."
Nationalidentity is a person's identity or sense of belonging to one or more states or one or more nations. It is the sense of "a nation as a cohesive...
usually called an identity card (IC, ID card, citizen card), or passport card. Some countries issue formal identity documents, as national identification...
Filipino: Pambansang Pagkakakilanlan) or simply the national ID, is the official nationalidentity card for Filipino citizens worldwide and foreign permanent...
is a list of identity document policies by country. A nationalidentity document is an identity card with a photo, usable as an identity card at least...
The Identity Cards Act 2006 (c. 15) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that was repealed in 2011. It created NationalIdentity Cards, a...
British nationalidentity is a term referring to the sense of nationalidentity, as embodied in the shared and characteristic culture, languages and traditions...
According to some scholars, a nationalidentity of the English as the people or ethnic group dominant in England can be traced to the Anglo-Saxon period...
The National Registration Identity Card (NRIC), colloquially known as "IC" (Malay: Kad Pengenalan Pendaftaran Negara; Chinese: 身份证; pinyin: Shēnfèn Zhèng;...
Nationalidentity cards are issued to their citizens by the governments of most European Economic Area (EEA) member states, with the exception of Denmark...
sometimes informally called UIDAI ID or UIDAI Number) is a 12-digit unique identity number that can be obtained voluntarily by all residents of India, based...
up identity in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Identity may refer to: Identity document Identity (philosophy) Identity (social science) Identity (mathematics)...
(NADRA) Pakistan. NADRA is also responsible to issuing the Computerised NationalIdentity Cards to the citizens of Pakistan, maintaining their sensitive informational...
Emirates identity card (Emirates ID or EID) is the United Arab Emirates' nationalidentity card issued and operated by the Federal Authority for Identity and...
Azerbaijani nationalidentity is a term referring to the sense of nationalidentity, as embodied in the shared and characteristic culture, language and...
A national identification number, nationalidentity number, or national insurance number or JMBG/EMBG is used by the governments of many countries as...
Identity formation, also called identity development or identity construction, is a complex process in which humans develop a clear and unique view of...
A Belgian identity card (Dutch: Identiteitskaart, French: Carte d’identité, German: Personalausweis) is a nationalidentity card issued to all citizens...
Rugby union is seen as a symbol of Welsh identity and an expression of national consciousness. The Welsh national rugby union team takes part in the annual...
first-generation identity card in China. On September 6, 1985, the Standing Committee of the 12th National People's Congress passed the Identity Card Bill of...
Malaysian identity card (Malay: kad pengenalan Malaysia) is the compulsory identity card for Malaysian citizens aged 12 and above. The current identity card...
mandatory document, the following documents are used in lieu of a nationalidentity document: Aadhaar Card, issued by Unique Identification Authority...