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National University of San Marcos
Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos
Latin: Academia S. Marci Vrbis Regvm in Perv
Former name
Royal and Pontifical University of the City of the Kings of Lima, University of Lima
Motto
Universidad del Perú, Decana de América
Motto in English
University of Peru, Dean of the Americas
Type
Public university
Established
May 12, 1551 (472)
Founder
Charles I of Spain (founder) Tomás de San Martín (promoter)
Affiliation
National Association of Public Universities of Peru, Association of National Universities of Peru, International Association of Universities, Iberoamerican Association of Postgraduate Universities, Organización Universitaria Interamericana, Red IDi, Association of Universities of Latin America and the Caribbean, Universia, Fudan-Latin America University Consortium, Red Peruana de Universidades Nacionales para la Internacionalización
The National University of San Marcos (Spanish: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, UNMSM) is a public research university located in Lima, the capital of Peru. It is considered the most important, recognized and representative educational institution at the national level.[8][9][10][11][failed verification] At the continental level, it is the first officially established (privilege by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor) and the oldest continuously operating university in the Americas,[12] which is why it appears in official documents and publications as "University of Peru, Dean University of the Americas".[13][14][15][16][17][18]
The university had its beginnings in the general studies that were offered in the cloisters of the convent of the Rosario of the order of Santo Domingo —current Basilica and Convent of Santo Domingo— around 1548. Its official foundation was conceived by Fray Thomas de San Martín on May 12, 1551; with the decree of Emperor Carlos I of Spain and V of the Holy Roman Empire, in 1571, it acquired the degree of pontifical granted by Pope Pius V with which it ended up being named as the "Royal and Pontifical University of the City of the Kings of Lima".[19][20] Being recognized by the Spanish Crown as the first university in America officially founded by Real cédula, it is also referred to as the "University of Lima" throughout the Viceroyalty.[21] Throughout its history, the university had a total of four colleges under tutelage: the Colegio Real y Mayor de San Martín and the Colegio Real y Mayor de San Felipe y San Marcos, the Real Colegio de San Carlos —focused on law and letters, derived from the merger of the two previous ones—and the Royal College of San Fernando—focused on medicine and surgery—. In the times of emancipation, it acquired a main role in the formation of several of the leaders managing the independence of Peru.[22] After the proclamation of independence and during the republic, it maintains both colloquially and formally —in various treaties and documents historical—its name as "University of Lima" until 1946, the year in which its current name and denomination as National and Major University were made official.[23]
The University of San Marcos is considered the most important and representative Peruvian institution of higher education for its "tradition, prestige, quality and selectivity",[24][25] being also recognized as the institution with the highest scientific production in Peru.[26][27][28][29]
It has positioned itself in the 1st place at the national level in certain editions of various university rankings,[citation needed] such as in the first University Ranking of Peru prepared by the National Assembly of Rectors of Peru under the auspices of UNESCO in 2006,[24] in the University Rankings by Academic Performance of the URAP Center,[30][31][32][33] in various editions of the QS World University Rankings by Quacquarelli Simonds,[34][35][36][37][38] in the Web Rankings of Universities prepared by CSIC and known as Webometrics, in the University Web Rankings by 4ICU,[39][40][41][42] in the University Web Rankings by 4ICU,[43][44] and in the SIR World Reports by SCImago Research Center;[30][31][32][33] being together with the UPCH (created by professors from the Faculty of Medicine of San Marcos) and the PUCP (whose founder and benefactor was a San Marcos graduate), one of the only three Peruvian universities that have appeared in such a position, as well as the only public one to do so. In addition, it has a ten-year institutional license granted by the National Superintendence of Higher University Education (SUNEDU) and some international institutional accreditations that certify its academic and administrative quality.[45] In terms of research, according to information from the Scopus database, the University of San Marcos is to date the 1st Peruvian institution in the production of scientific articles, both annually and historically.[46][47] Various influential Peruvians and Latin Americans have come out of its classrooms,[48] all recognizing and valuing the high level of teaching and the active and important intellectual participation that the university and its students had throughout the history of Peru.[49] The University of San Marcos has been referred to many times as a reflection of Peru for expressing the advances and limitations that the country eventually has, in addition to the valued diversity, preparation and activism of its students.[50][51] Twenty-one Presidents of the Republic of Peru,[citation needed] five Peruvian candidates for Nobel Prizes of Physics, Literature and Peace[52] —of the total of six Peruvians nominated between 1901 and 1964, the only period currently published by the Norwegian Committee— and the only Peruvian Nobel Prize winner, Mario Vargas Llosa,[53][54][55][56][57]— they have been graduates, researchers and/or professors of this university.
In its 471 years of operation, the University of San Marcos has passed through several locations, of which it maintains and stands out: the "Casona de San Marcos", a historic location of the university with more than 400 years of history —part of the area and of the list of buildings in the Historic Center of Lima that were recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1988[58][59][60][61]—and that are currently the venue for the main cultural activities and the granting of high degrees by the university; the current premises of the "San Fernando" Faculty of Medicine, inaugurated in 1901 for the first medical school in the country; and the so-called "University City", which has been its main headquarters since 1960, where most of the faculties, the central library, the university stadium and the rectory are located, and most of the academic and research activities are carried out. All these premises are located in the Cercado de Lima. The University of San Marcos currently has 66 professional schools,[62] grouped into 20 faculties,[63] and these in turn in 5 academic areas,[64] being the Peruvian university that covers the largest number of university subjects. All faculties offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. It also has various centers, institutions, and dependencies; such as its cultural centers, museums, libraries, clinics, and university clinics, editorial fund, among others. In addition, through its "Domingo Angulo" historical archive, the university preserves documents and writings of great historical relevance dating from the 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. In 2019, the "Colonial Fund and Foundational Documents of the National University of San Marcos: 1551–1852” was incorporated into the UNESCO Memory of the World Register, in recognition of its significance for the global collective memory.[65][66]
^Universidad Coherente. "Presupuesto 2000–2013 en millones de nuevos soles". Archived from the original on July 21, 2013. Retrieved May 30, 2013.
^Portal de Transparencia Universitaria (UNMSM). "Información presupuestal". Archived from the original on April 19, 2012. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
^Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. "Autoridades: Rector de la UNMSM". Retrieved August 31, 2010.
^ abOficina General de Planificación de la UNMSM. "Compendio estadístico UNMSM 2018" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 4, 2021. Retrieved June 8, 2019.
^INEI-ANR. "II Censo Nacional Universitario 2010" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 13, 2012. Retrieved February 4, 2011.
^Revista "San Marcos al día" (UNMSM). "San Marcos al día (n° 212): San Marcos en la sociedad del conocimiento" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 13, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
^Revista "San Marcos al día" (UNMSM). "San Marcos al día (n° 308): Excelencia académica y moderna infraestructura" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved October 17, 2015.
^National Geographic. "1551: Oldest University in Americas Established". Archived from the original on May 20, 2020. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
^Aleteia (February 5, 2020). "The oldest university in the Americas is in Lima, Peru". Retrieved May 17, 2020.
^Aleteia (May 15, 2020). "Friar Thomas, the Dominican founder of America's first university". Retrieved May 17, 2020.
^"Bicentenario de la Independencia de Perú: las 9 cosas en las que nadie puede superar a los peruanos" (in Spanish). CNN. July 28, 2021. Retrieved July 28, 2021.
^Valcárcel, Carlos Daniel (2001). San Marcos Universidad Decana de América (in Spanish). Lima: National University of San Marcos. ISBN 9972-46-140-8. Retrieved June 4, 2021.
^Carlos Daniel Valcárcel. "Fundación de la Universidad de Santo Domingo (23 February 1558)". Retrieved August 18, 2010.
^Revista "San Marcos al día" (UNMSM). "San Marcos al día (n° 318): San Marcos, conocimiento en permanente renovación". Archived from the original on May 24, 2016. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
^National Geographic. "1551: Oldest University in Americas Established". Archived from the original on May 20, 2020. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
^Diario El Comercio (May 12, 2019). "San Marcos: este es el documento que fundó la universidad hace 468 años". El Comercio. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
^Samuel Eliot Morison (1995). The Founding of Harvard College. Appendix A: The Student Universities of Bologna, Spain, and Spanish America. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674314511. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
^Carlos V. "Cedvla real del señor emperador Carlos V, y la reyna doña Juana su madre, sobre la fundación de ella Real Vniversidad" (PDF). Retrieved August 30, 2010.[dead link]
^Carlos Daniel Valcárcel. "Fundación de la Universidad de Lima (12 May 1551)". Retrieved August 18, 2010.
^José Antonio del Busto Duthurburu. Enciclopedia Temática del Perú. TOMO II: Conquista y Virreinato. Orbis Ventures, El Comercio. Archived from the original on October 3, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
^Agencia de noticias (TVO-PERU.com). "La Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos en la Independencia del Perú". Archived from the original on August 11, 2010. Retrieved October 9, 2010.
^Percy Cayo Códova. Enciclopedia Temática del Perú. TOMO III: República. Orbis Ventures, El Comercio. Archived from the original on October 3, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
^ abAsamblea Nacional de Rectores (ANR), con el auspicio de la UNESCO. "Ranking Universitario en el Perú" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on November 27, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
^Diario Correo. "PPK: Las mejores universidades en el Perú son del Estado". Archived from the original on March 1, 2017. Retrieved February 28, 2017.
^Thomson Scientific (Institute for Scientific Information). "Ranking Iberoamericano de Instituciones de Investigación (Universia)". Archived from the original on April 30, 2009. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
^SCImago Institutions Rankings. "Ranking Iberoamericano SIR". Retrieved May 30, 2013.
^Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. "Harvard: San Marcos es la mejor universidad con proyectos de innovación". Archived from the original on July 27, 2021. Retrieved May 23, 2016.
^Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. "Universidad de Harvard respeta a San Marcos por su trayectoria en Latinoamérica". Archived from the original on July 27, 2021. Retrieved May 23, 2016.
^ abURAP Center. "University Ranking by Academic Performance (2010): Top Perú". Archived from the original on May 15, 2019. Retrieved January 9, 2012.
^ abURAP Center. "University Ranking by Academic Performance (2011): Top Perú". Archived from the original on November 10, 2012. Retrieved January 9, 2012.
^ abURAP Center. "University Ranking by Academic Performance (2012): Top Perú". Archived from the original on May 15, 2019. Retrieved November 23, 2012.
^ abURAP Center. "University Ranking by Academic Performance (2013): Top Perú". Archived from the original on February 2, 2014. Retrieved January 28, 2014.
^QS World University Rankings. "QS World University Rankings 2011/12: Top universities". Archived from the original on September 30, 2011. Retrieved September 9, 2011.
^QS World University Rankings. "QS World University Rankings 2011/12: Top universities (Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos)". Archived from the original on October 10, 2011. Retrieved September 9, 2011.
^QS World University Rankings. "QS World University Rankings 2012/13: Top universities". Retrieved September 10, 2012.
^QS World University Rankings. "QS World University Rankings 2012/13: Top universities (Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos)". Retrieved September 10, 2012.
^QS World University Rankings. "QS World University Rankings 2013/14: Top universities". Retrieved January 28, 2014.
^Diario La República. "Ranking pone a UNMSM como la mejor del Perú". Archived from the original on February 16, 2011. Retrieved February 13, 2011.
^Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. "San Marcos se consolida en ranking universitario". Retrieved February 17, 2011.
^Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. "UNMSM: primera del país en ranking Web de Universidades". Archived from the original on November 10, 2012. Retrieved February 7, 2012.
^Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. "Ranking Web of Universities: Peru". Retrieved January 28, 2014.
^4 International Colleges & Universities. "University Web Ranking: Top Universities in Peru (2015)". Retrieved August 2, 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^4 International Colleges & Universities. "University Web Ranking: Top Universities in Latin America (2015)". Archived from the original on August 7, 2015. Retrieved August 2, 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^Diario oficial El Peruano. "Acreditarán a San Marcos: Es la primera universidad peruana que recibe esta distinción". Archived from the original on December 13, 2011. Retrieved March 11, 2011.
^Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. "San Marcos mantiene liderazgo en producción científica a nivel nacional". Retrieved June 23, 2022.
^Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. "San Marcos es la institución peruana con mayor producción científica acumulada según Scopus". Retrieved June 23, 2022.
^Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. "Reseña histórica: Personajes distinguidos". Archived from the original on May 16, 2011. Retrieved December 16, 2010.
^Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. "Especiales UNMSM: 456 años de vida académica e institucional (2007)". Archived from the original on July 13, 2007. Retrieved August 18, 2010.
^Mario Vargas Llosa (January 22, 2010). "Discurso de MVLL por el otorgamiento de Doctor Honoris Causa por la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos". Retrieved October 9, 2010.
^Diario Perú21 (May 16, 2019). "Alfredo Bryce Echenique: En San Marcos halló el Perú y en un techo de París, el mundo". Retrieved May 16, 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^Nobelprize.org (April 2020). "The Nobel Prize Nomination Archive: Nominees from Peru". Retrieved March 21, 2022.
^Nobelprize.org. "The Nobel Prize in Literature 2010: Mario Vargas Llosa". Retrieved October 9, 2010.
^"Peruvian wins Nobel for literature". CNN. Archived from the original on October 10, 2010. Retrieved October 9, 2010.
^The New York Times (October 7, 2010). "Vargas Llosa Takes Nobel in Literature". The New York Times. Retrieved October 9, 2010.
^Agencia peruana de noticias (ANDINA) (October 7, 2010). "Universidad Mayor de San Marcos prepara homenaje especial a Nobel Mario Vargas Llosa". Retrieved October 9, 2010.
^Diario El Comercio. "Profesores y estudiantes de San Marcos celebran premio Nobel de Mario Vargas Llosa". Retrieved October 9, 2010.
^Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. "Casona sanmarquina: Patrimonio de la Humanidad". Archived from the original on January 5, 2019. Retrieved May 3, 2016.
^World Heritage Center, UNESCO. "Historic Centre of Lima". Retrieved December 27, 2014.
^World Heritage Center, UNESCO. "Historic Centre of Lima: Gallery". Retrieved August 18, 2010.
^Diario La República. "Casona de San Marcos: remanso cultural en el Centro de Lima". Archived from the original on May 14, 2016. Retrieved May 13, 2016.
^"Escuelas Profesionales – Oficina Central de Admisión". www.admision.unmsm.edu.pe. Retrieved October 24, 2019.
^Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. "Facultades de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos". Retrieved August 12, 2010.
^Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. "Áreas académicas de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos". Retrieved August 10, 2010.
^Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. "Documentos históricos de San Marcos son reconocidos como patrimonio mundial por la Unesco" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on July 13, 2019. Retrieved July 14, 2019.
^Diario La República. "Historical documents of the UNMSM are recognized as World Heritage by UNESCO" (in Spanish). Retrieved July 14, 2019.
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