Naso lituratus information

Naso lituratus
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Acanthuriformes
Family:	Acanthuridae
Genus:	Naso
Species:	N. lituratus
Binomial name
	Naso lituratus; (J. R. Forster, 1801)
Synonyms
	Acanthurus lituratus Forster, 1801 ; Callicanthus lituratus (Forster, 1801) ; Aspisurus carolinarum Quoy & Gaimard, 1825 ; Prionurus eoume Lesson, 1831 ; Monoceros garretti Seale, 1901 ;

Naso lituratus, the clown unicornfish, orangespined unicornfish, black-finned unicornfish, Pacific orangespined unicornfish, blackfinned unicornfish or stripefaced unicornfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Acanthuridae, the surgeonfishes, unicornfishes and tangs. This fish is found in the eastern Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean.

Unique to members of Acanthuridae, including Naso lituratus, are the Epulopiscium bacteria. These bacteria influence the digestion of Naso lituratus, helping them process the algae in their diet.^[3]^[4]^[5]

Naso lituratus can be found in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. This species can be easily recognised by two bright orange forward-hooked spines on the caudal peduncle (the tail base), its orange lips and black face mask. The body is brownish grey with yellow nape and there is a broad black band on the dorsal fin. It reaches about 45 cm (18 in) in length.^[6]

It can be found on coral reefs, often in pairs.

^ McIlwain, J.; Choat, J.H.; Abesamis, R.; et al. (2012). "Naso lituratus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012: e.T177950A1500256. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T177950A1500256.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2023). "Naso lituratus" in FishBase. April 2023 version.
^ Miyake, Sou; Ngugi, David Kamanda; Stingl, Ulrich (February 2015). "Diet strongly influences the gut microbiota of surgeonfishes". Molecular Ecology. 24 (3): 656–672. Bibcode:2015MolEc..24..656M. doi:10.1111/mec.13050. PMID 25533191. S2CID 206181801.
^ Fishelson, L. (9 March 1999). "Polymorphism in gigantobacterial symbionts in the guts of surgeonfish (Acanthuridae: Teleostei)". Marine Biology. 133 (2): 345–351. Bibcode:1999MarBi.133..345F. doi:10.1007/s002270050473. S2CID 84816281.
^ Pollak, Peggy E.; Montgomery, W.Linn (August 1994). "Giant bacterium (Epulopiscium fishelsoni ) influences digestive enzyme activity of an herbivorous surgeonfish (Acanthurus nigrofuscus)". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology. 108 (4): 657–662. doi:10.1016/0300-9629(94)90352-2.
^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2008). "Naso lituratus" in FishBase. December 2008 version.

[iucn_status_18_November_2021-1] McIlwain, J.; Choat, J.H.; Abesamis, R.; et al. (2012). "Naso lituratus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012: e.T177950A1500256. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T177950A1500256.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.

[Fishbase-2] Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2023). "Naso lituratus" in FishBase. April 2023 version.

[3] Miyake, Sou; Ngugi, David Kamanda; Stingl, Ulrich (February 2015). "Diet strongly influences the gut microbiota of surgeonfishes". Molecular Ecology. 24 (3): 656–672. Bibcode:2015MolEc..24..656M. doi:10.1111/mec.13050. PMID 25533191. S2CID 206181801.

[4] Fishelson, L. (9 March 1999). "Polymorphism in gigantobacterial symbionts in the guts of surgeonfish (Acanthuridae: Teleostei)". Marine Biology. 133 (2): 345–351. Bibcode:1999MarBi.133..345F. doi:10.1007/s002270050473. S2CID 84816281.

[5] Pollak, Peggy E.; Montgomery, W.Linn (August 1994). "Giant bacterium (Epulopiscium fishelsoni ) influences digestive enzyme activity of an herbivorous surgeonfish (Acanthurus nigrofuscus)". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology. 108 (4): 657–662. doi:10.1016/0300-9629(94)90352-2.

[6] Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2008). "Naso lituratus" in FishBase. December 2008 version.

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Naso lituratus

Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)^[1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Acanthuriformes
Family:	Acanthuridae
Genus:	Naso
Species:	N. lituratus
Binomial name
*Naso lituratus* (J. R. Forster, 1801)
Synonyms^[2]
Acanthurus lituratus Forster, 1801 Callicanthus lituratus (Forster, 1801) Aspisurus carolinarum Quoy & Gaimard, 1825 Prionurus eoume Lesson, 1831 Monoceros garretti Seale, 1901