Specimens of Cloudina carinata from the Tamengo Formation of Brazil.
Chronology
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N e o p r o t e r o z o i c
P Z
Ediacaran
Cambrian
Avalon Assemblage
White Sea Assemblage
Nama Assemblage
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Second pulse of the end-Ediacaran extinction
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~Baykonurian glaciation
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First pulse of the end-Ediacaran extinction
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Avalon Explosion
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Shuram excursion reaches its peak
Major Glacial period
Shuram excursion[2]
Stratigraphic scale of the ICS subdivisions and Ediacaran biotic assmblages Vertical axis scale: millions of years ago
The Nama assemblage was the last of the Ediacaran biotic assemblages. Following the Avalon and White Sea assemblages, it spanned from c. 550 Ma to c. 539 Ma, coinciding with the Terminal Ediacaran biozone.[3] The assemblage was characterized by a faunal turnover, with the decline of the preexisting White Sea biota. The drop of diversity has been compared to the mass extinctions of the Phanerozoic. A second drop of diversity occurred at the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary, concluding the Nama assemblages with the end-Ediacaran extinction.[4][5][6]
^Shen, Bing; Dong, Lin; Xiao, Shuhai; Kowalewski, Michal (4 January 2008). "The Avalon explosion: evolution of Ediacara morphospace". Science. 319 (5859): 81–84. Bibcode:2008Sci...319...81S. doi:10.1126/science.1150279. ISSN 1095-9203. PMID 18174439.
^Shi, Wei; Li, Chao; Luo, Genming; Huang, Junhua; Algeo, Thomas J.; Jin, Chengsheng; Zhang, Zihu; Cheng, Meng (24 January 2018). "Sulfur isotope evidence for transient marine-shelf oxidation during the Ediacaran Shuram Excursion". Geology. 46 (3): 267–270. doi:10.1130/G39663.1.
^Wood, Rachel; Bowyer, Fred T.; Alexander, Ruaridh; Yilales, Mariana; Uahengo, Collen-Issia; Kaputuaza, Kavevaza; Ndeunyema, Junias; Curtis, Andrew (September 2023). "New Ediacaran biota from the oldest Nama Group, Namibia (Tsaus Mountains), and re-definition of the Nama Assemblage". Geological Magazine. 160 (9): 1673–1686. Bibcode:2023GeoM..160.1673W. doi:10.1017/S0016756823000638. hdl:20.500.11820/bc8c23b0-d59c-4230-a45b-db854a8ad0f3. ISSN 0016-7568.
^Bowyer, Fred T.; Uahengo, Collen-Issia; Kaputuaza, Kavevaza; Ndeunyema, Junias; Yilales, Mariana; Alexander, Ruaridh D.; Curtis, Andrew; Wood, Rachel A. (15 October 2023). "Constraining the onset and environmental setting of metazoan biomineralization: The Ediacaran Nama Group of the Tsaus Mountains, Namibia". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 620: 118336. Bibcode:2023E&PSL.62018336B. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118336. ISSN 0012-821X.
^Evans, Scott D.; Tu, Chenyi; Rizzo, Adriana; Surprenant, Rachel L.; Boan, Phillip C.; McCandless, Heather; Marshall, Nathan; Xiao, Shuhai; Droser, Mary L. (15 November 2022). "Environmental drivers of the first major animal extinction across the Ediacaran White Sea-Nama transition". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 119 (46): e2207475119. Bibcode:2022PNAS..11907475E. doi:10.1073/pnas.2207475119. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 9674242. PMID 36343248.
^Bottjer, David J.; Clapham, Matthew E. (2006). Xiao, Shuhai; Kaufman, Alan J. (eds.). Evolutionary Paleoecology of Ediacaran Benthic Marine Animals. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. pp. 91–114. doi:10.1007/1-4020-5202-2_4. ISBN 978-1-4020-5202-6.
The Namaassemblage was the last of the Ediacaran biotic assemblages. Following the Avalon and White Sea assemblages, it spanned from c. 550 Ma to c. 539...
point is not universally accepted. The assemblage, while less diverse than the White Sea or Namaassemblages, resembles Carboniferous suspension-feeding...
Look up Nama, nama, or nāma in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Nama or NAMA may refer to: NAMA (gene), a long non-coding RNA gene Nama (plant), a genus...
Sea assemblage was the second of the three Late Ediacaran biotic assemblages, following the Avalon assemblage and preceding the Namaassemblage. It spanned...
The Avalon assemblage was the first of the three Late Ediacaran biotic assemblages, spanning from c. 575 Ma to c. 560 Ma. It was followed by the White...
are known from the late Neoproterozoic, including one from the early Namaassemblage possibly coinciding with the first pulse of the end-Ediacaran extinction...
"New Ediacaran biota from the oldest Nama Group, Namibia (Tsaus Mountains), and re-definition of the NamaAssemblage". Geological Magazine. 160 (9): 1673–1686...
association with Cloudina fossils. Among the late Precambrian fossil assemblage in the Nama group, Namibia, Namacalathus far outnumber Cloudina and other poorly...
Ediacara-type biota (it is in broad sense: Ediacara-, Nama-, Avalon-type ecological assemblage) it is community of the Metazoa and problematic organisms:...
fourth lasted from 550 to 539 Ma and is known as the interval of the Nama biotic assemblage. There is evidence for a mass extinction during this period from...
Ernietta are known from the Nama Group (specifically, the Kuibis and Schwarzrand subgroups) of present-day Namibia. The Nama Group consists of fluvial and...
youngest known trilobozoan, being their first occurrence in the Nama biotic assemblage (550–539 Ma). It is also the first likely animal fossil from this...
Glaessner in 1963. It is characterized as a tubular fossil found in the Nama group (570-543 Ma) of South West Africa. Archaeichnium is a tube-shaped fossil...
that the predator was similar in size to Cloudina. Fossil findings in the Nama Group, Namibia, suggest that Cloudina was one of the first reef-building...
pan in the eastern Nama-Karoo. Kiberd, Philip (2006-12-01). "Bundu Farm: A Report on Archaeological and Palaeoenvironmental Assemblages from a Pan Site in...
1134/S0031030107020013. S2CID 86636748. Glaessner, M. F. (1963). "Zur Kenntnis der Nama-Fossilien Südwest-Afrikas" (PDF). Naturhistorisches Museum Wien. Bd. 66 (1962):...
Ediacaran genera Georg Gürich Gürich, Georg (1930). "Die Kuibis-Fossilien der Nama-Formation von Südwestafrika". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 15 (2–3): 137–154...
(1973). "Zur fauna der Nama-Schichten in Südwest-Afrika. IV. Mikroscopische anatomie der petalo-organisme" [On the fauna of the Nama layers in southwest...
species were also found from the Ediacaran period – Ausia fenestrata from the Nama Group of Namibia, the sac-like Yarnemia ascidiformis, and one from a second...
Portals: Iraq United States Law Bagram torture and prisoner abuse Camp Nama "Copper Green" (May 2004 Seymour Hersh article connecting abuse to alleged...
~80% of taxa from the White Sea Ediacaran assemblage (ca. 560–550 million years old) are absent from the Nama interval (ca. 550–539 million years ago)...
conquest, victory, triumph jelata common people जनता janata a number of men, assemblage of people, community, subjects, mankind jelita lovely ललित lalita lovely...
The Akbar Nama of Abu-l-Fazl. Vol. II. Translated by Beveridge, Henry. Calcutta: Asiatic Society. Abul Fazl 'Allami (1907). The Akbar Nama of Abu-l-Fazl...
pottery, although the (very untypical) Mycenaean palace amphora with octopus (NAMA 6725) clearly derives directly from the Minoan "Marine Style", and it ceases...
German, Afrikaans, or English. It has been suggested that it comes from Nama and means either "Place of the moss" or "Place of the frog". Perhaps this...
reef distribution in a carbonate ramp system (terminal Proterozoic, Nama Group, Namibia)" (PDF). AAPG Bulletin. 89 (10): 1293–1318. Bibcode:2005BAAPG...
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