Forward-deployed defense and deterrence posture in Eastern Europe
Enhanced Forward Presence (EFP) is a NATO-allied forward-deployed defense and deterrence military force in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe. This posture in Northern Europe through Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania and in Central Europe through Poland, Slovakia and Hungary and in Eastern Europe through Romania and Bulgaria, is in place to protect and reassure the security of NATO's Northern, Central and Eastern European member states on NATO's eastern flank.[1][2]
Following Russia's invasion of Crimea, NATO's member states agreed at the 2016 Warsaw summit to forward deploy four multinational battalion battle groups to areas most likely to be attacked.[3]
The numbers involved, although a notable supplement to the armed forces of the country being defended, are limited so that they avoid seeming to threaten Russia. The chief value of the force is that it is impossible to invade Poland or the Baltic States without battling the soldiers and firing on the flags of the involved NATO states, giving cause for war. It is believed that the prospect of war with all those countries will deter aggression.[citation needed]
The original four multinational battalion battle groups are based in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland, and led by the United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, and the United States respectively.[4]
Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and ongoing war in Ukraine, NATO members agreed to establish four more multinational battalion battle groups in Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, and Slovakia led by Italy, Hungary, France, Czech Republic respectively at 2022 Madrid Summit.[5]
Country
Location
Leading state
Participants as of November 2022[update][5]
Troops (approx.)[A][6][7]
Bulgaria
Kabile
Italy
Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Turkey, United States
1,650[8][A]
Estonia
Tapa
United Kingdom
Belgium, Denmark, France, Iceland, United States
2,200
Hungary
Tata
Hungary
Croatia, Italy, Montenegro, Turkey, United States
1,054[A]
Latvia
Ādaži
Canada
Albania, Czech Republic, Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, United States
4,000
Lithuania
Rukla
Germany
Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Iceland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden,[9] United States
3,700
Poland
Orzysz
United States
Croatia, Romania, United Kingdom
11,600
Romania
Cincu
France
Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Poland, Portugal, United States
4,700
Slovakia
Lešť
Czech Republic
Germany, Netherlands, Slovakia, Slovenia, United States
1,100[A]
^ abcdThe data is from November 2022. The numbers in Bulgaria, Hungary and Slovakia include participating troops from their own national Armed Forces.
The troops serving in the multinational battalion battle groups rotate every six months and train and operate with their host nations' militaries.
EnhancedForwardPresence (EFP) is a NATO-allied forward-deployed defense and deterrence military force in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe. This posture...
Stoltenberg at Massey College, Toronto (Canada)". "CANADA AND NATO". The report's ideas about enhanced economic partnerships and cultural connections were not...
guideline. At the 2016 Warsaw summit, NATO countries agreed on the creation of NATOEnhancedForwardPresence, which deployed four multinational battalion-sized...
capability (IOC). The division is tasked to coordinate the four NATOEnhancedForwardPresence battlegroups and to carry out Article 5 collective defence activities...
the ultimate goal of creating NATO-interoperable combat units able to operate on an even par with units from other NATO armies. Implementation of interoperability...
are being constructed. Three of the new barracks are for the NATOEnhancedForwardPresence multinational battle group in Estonia. The base canteen can...
Group ForwardPresence (BGFP) in Romania, with France as the lead nation. For the first time, France assumed the role of leading nation in a NATO reassurance...
Giedraičio artilerijos batalionas), in Rukla NATOEnhancedForwardPresence Battle Group (Lithuanian: NATO Priešakinių pajėgų bataliono kovinė grupė) Logistics...
original on 2011-08-07. Retrieved 2009-05-23. "POTD: FN F2000 at NATOenhancedForwardPresence Battle Group Latvia". The Firearm Blog. 23 February 2021. "Podcevni...
well as supporting international peacekeeping efforts, when mandated by NATO, the United Nations or the European Union. The Army has 650 AFVs, around...
to Estonia and Poland as part of the NATOEnhancedForwardPresence Operation KIPION - the ongoing UK presence in the Persian Gulf region Operation ORBITAL...
British Armed Forces to conduct expeditionary warfare and maintain a forwardpresence. Bases tend to be located in or near areas of strategic or diplomatic...
2016, the British Army has maintained a presence in Eastern Europe in support of the NATOEnhancedForwardPresence strategy which responded to the 2014...
onboard two Halifax-class frigates, operating with NATO 695 soldiers leading a NATOEnhancedForwardPresence Battle Group in Latvia 140 members of the Royal...
Cold Response 2022 – NATO and partner forces face the freeze in Norway". "Cold Response 2022". "NATOenhancedforwardpresence battle groups to demonstrate...
the Army". jfcnaples.nato.int. Retrieved 26 March 2021. "The fall of al-Watiya base ushers an era of permanent Turkish presence in western Libya". The...
the Canadian-led NATOEnhancedForwardPresence battle group in Latvia, and the deployment of an additional Halifax-class frigate to NATO maritime forces...
NATOEnhancedForwardPresence (eFP) (2016–present), a constant military force in 8 European countries. There is ~2000 troops from different NATO countries...
Tosca (Cyprus), Operation Orbital (Ukraine), and as part of the NATOEnhancedForwardPresence Battle Group in Poland. 2015–2022: Queen Elizabeth II 2023–present:...
After Lithuania joined NATO organization back in 2004, its (alongside Latvia's and Estonia's) air space is protected by NATO. NATO members provide usually...
became again part of Poland. Bemowo Piskie is the site of the NATOEnhancedForwardPresence battlegroup training base in Poland. "Central Statistical Office...
currently deployed, form part of the British contribution to the NATOEnhancedForwardPresence multinational battlegroup in the Baltics. In July 2022, a squadron...
Herzegovina as part of EUFOR Althea, 101 troops in Poland as part of NATOEnhancedForwardPresence and 54 troops in Kosovo as part of KFOR. The following Romanian...
The Royal Welsh, was deployed to Estonia in 2018 as a part of NATOEnhancedForwardPresence, he volunteered to coach the Estonia national rugby union team...