Global InformationMycoplasma hyopneumoniae information
| Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Mycoplasmatota |
| Class: | Mollicutes |
| Order: | Mycoplasmatales |
| Family: | Mycoplasmataceae |
| Genus: | Mycoplasma |
| Species: | M. hyopneumoniae
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| Binomial name | |
| Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Maré and Switzer, 1965.[1]
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Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is a species of bacteria known to cause the disease porcine enzootic pneumonia, a highly contagious and chronic disease affecting pigs.[2] As with other mollicutes, M. hyopneumoniae is small in size (400–1200 nm), has a small genome (893–920 kilo-base pairs (kb)) and lacks a cell wall.[3] It is difficult to grow in laboratories due to its complex nutritional requirements and the high chances of contamination associated with mycoplasma culture. To successfully grow the bacterium, an environment of 5–10% carbon dioxide is required, and the medium should demonstrate an acid colour shift.[citation needed]
This bacterium is a concern in the livestock industry as it causes a significant reduction in the growing weight of pigs. Losses in the U.S. have been previously estimated at 200 million to 1 billion dollars per annum.[4] Porcine enzootic pneumonia is endemic worldwide and M. hyopneumoniae is present in almost every pig herd.[5] Treatment of this disease is limited to antibiotics, which are currently ineffective as they do not completely remove the infection. Vaccines have been found to reduce the severity of the disease but do not prevent the disease from occurring in infected pigs.[6]
- ^ Maré, CJ; Switzer, WP (August 1965). "New species: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae; a causative agent of virus pig pneumonia". Veterinary Medicine, Small Animal Clinician. 60: 841–6. PMID 14323369.
- ^ Whittlestone, P. 1979. Porcine Mycoplasmas, p. 133–166. In J. G. Tully and R. F. Whitcomb (ed.), The Mycoplasmas, vol. II. Academic Press, Inc., New York.
- ^ Tajima, M; Yagihashi, T (September 1982). "Interaction of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae with the porcine respiratory epithelium as observed by electron microscope". Infection and Immunity. 37 (3): 1162–9. doi:10.1128/IAI.37.3.1162-1169.1982. PMC 347662. PMID 7129633.
- ^ Clark, LK; Armstrong, CH; Freeman, MJ; Scheidt, AB; Sands-Freeman, L; Knox, K (1991). "Investigating the transmission of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in a swine herd with enzootic pneumonia". Veterinary Medicine (USA). 86: 543–50.
- ^ Minion, FC (1 June 2002). "Molecular pathogenesis of mycoplasma animal respiratory pathogens". Frontiers in Bioscience. 7 (1–3): d1410–22. doi:10.2741/minion. PMID 12045010.
- ^ Haesebrouck, F; Pasmans, F; Chiers, K; Maes, D; Ducatelle, R; Decostere, A (3 June 2004). "Efficacy of vaccines against bacterial diseases in swine: what can we expect?". Veterinary Microbiology. 100 (3–4): 255–68. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2004.03.002. PMID 15145504.