On April 12, 1978, Betty Gardner, a 33-year-old black woman, was sexually assaulted, tortured, and murdered by four white people during a racially motivated hate crime in St. Helena Island, South Carolina.[1] Gardner had been hitchhiking when she was picked up by John Arnold, John Plath, Cindy Sheets, and Carol Ullman. After dropping Gardner off, Arnold suggested to the group that they kill her. Gardner was then sexually assaulted, strangled, beaten, and stabbed to death. After the murder, Arnold carved the letters "KKK" into her body.[2]
All of the perpetrators were captured at a later date. Ullman, who was 11 years old at the time of the murder, was never charged. Sheets was granted immunity after she turned state's evidence and, along with Ullman, testified against Arnold and Plath. Both men were convicted and sentenced to death.[3] They were executed by lethal injection in 1998, a few months apart.[4] The case was notable as it marked a rare occasion in which two white people were executed for murdering a single black victim.[5][6]
^Graber, Scott (February 13, 2020). "Looking back on the tragedy of April 12, 1978". The Island News. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
^Scolforo, Mark (March 5, 1998). "Yorker's final hours on death row". The York Dispatch. pp. 1, 9. Retrieved March 19, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
^Scolforo, Mark (March 8, 1998). "One grisly chapter ends". York Sunday News. pp. 1, 9. Retrieved March 19, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
^Curtis, Kim (July 11, 1998). "Plath put to death for murder". The Times and Democrat. pp. 1, 4. Retrieved March 19, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
^Long, Colleen (September 15, 2020). "Report: Death penalty cases show history of racial disparity". Associated Press. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
^"Race and the Death Penalty". American Civil Liberties Union. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
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