Multiple code theory (MCT) is a theory that conceives of the human brain as processing information in three codes. A certain issue can be coded in three languages, via symbolic verbal information (letters), symbolic nonverbal information (images), and pre-symbolic information (body feeling). This theory was first hypothesized by the psychoanalyst Wilma Bucci (Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University), who combines the work of Antonio Damasio and psychoanalysis. What is important for psychotherapy is that there is no direct connection between the world of words and the physical world, but that the images are a pivotal point for communication between the mind and the limbic system and serve as a kind of translator.[1][2] There is an image attached to every word and a physical feeling attached to every image. Her work had a major influence on the further development of various psychotherapeutic procedures.
A symbolic verbal code includes discrete words and subsequently images embedded in the language and is processed in a single track. A symbolic nonverbal code includes modality-specific mental and embodied images. Sensory and emotional experience is processed in a pre-symbolic code. This kind of pre-symbolic processing relies predominantly on analogic relationships, with the information it processes being continuous rather than discrete. MCT posits these three kinds of processing as loosely connected to one another through a set of cognitive functions called the referential process.[3]
Multiple code theory and the associated theory of the referential process draw on and bridge variously associated fields, including clinical psychology, psychoanalysis, cognitive psychology, psycholinguistics, and linguistics.
^Bucci W. (2002) The Referential Process, Consciousness, and the Sense of Self, Psychoanalytic Inquiry 22 (5) 776-793.
^Psychoanalytic Terms and Concepts, Yale University Press, 2017-12-31, pp. 1–211, doi:10.12987/9780300163452-007, ISBN 9780300163452, retrieved 2023-09-03
^Solano, Luigi (December 2010). "Some thoughts between body and mind in the light of Wilma Bucci's multiple code theory". The International Journal of Psychoanalysis. 91 (6): 1445–1464. doi:10.1111/j.1745-8315.2010.00359.x. ISSN 0020-7578. PMID 21133907. S2CID 12558714.
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