Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra information
Nigerian political party
Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra
Flag of Biafra
Abbreviation
MASSOB
Leader
Ralph Uwazuruike
Founded
1999 (1999)
Ideology
Igbo nationalism Nonviolent resistance Separatism
Website
http://massob.biafranet.com/
Politics of Nigeria
Political parties
Elections
The Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSOB) is a secessionist movement in Nigeria, associated with Igbo nationalism, which supports the recreation of an independent state of Biafra. It was founded in 1999[1] and is led by an Indian-trained lawyer Ralph Uwazuruike, with headquarters in Okwe, in the Okigwe district of Imo State.
MASSOB's leaders say it is a peaceful group and advertise a 25-stage plan to achieve its goal peacefully.[2] There are two arms to the government, the Biafra Government in Exile and Biafra Shadow Government.[3]
The Nigerian government accuses MASSOB of violence; MASSOB's leader, Ralph Uwazuruike, was arrested in 2005 and detained on treason charges; he was released in 2007. MASSOB also championed the release of oil militant Mujahid Dokubo-Asari, who faced similar charges at the time.[4] In 2009, MASSOB launched "the Biafran International Passport" in response to persistent demand by Biafrans in the diaspora.[5]
^Heerten, Lasse; Moses, A. Dirk (3 July 2014). "The Nigeria–Biafra war: postcolonial conflict and the question of genocide". Journal of Genocide Research. 16 (2–3): 169–203. doi:10.1080/14623528.2014.936700. ISSN 1462-3528. S2CID 143878825.
^Estelle Shirbon (2006-07-12). "Dream of free Biafra revives in southeast Nigeria". Reuters.
^"Biafra News - 04.13.2009". Archived from the original on 10 October 2010. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
existence. TheMovementfortheActualizationoftheSovereignStateofBiafra (MASSOB) began gaining attention in the early 2000s, along with theBiafra Zionist...
responsible forthe attack, adding that his group was still investigating the report Indigenous People ofBiafra Nnamdi Kanu MovementfortheActualizationof the...
relates its cause to the Zionist movement. The group was formerly part oftheMovementfortheActualizationoftheSovereignStateofBiafra but was split off...
Movement for theActualizationoftheSovereignStateofBiafra Nigerians in Finland BRGIE works forthe total independence and reinstatement ofBiafra, a short-lived...
reportedly some disruption of census taking in the east by theMovementfortheActualizationoftheSovereignStateofBiafra. Once the preliminary census figures...
its own sovereignstate. Use ofthe term implies that the nation has the right to self-determination, to establish an independent nation-state with its...
Downing, John D. H. (2011). Encyclopedia of Social Movement Media. SAGE. p. 290. ISBN 9780761926887. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved...
December 2003 Other Separatist Groups - MASSOB-MovementfortheActualizationoftheSovereignStateofBiafra "Blood Oil" by Sebastian Junger in Vanity Fair...
Below is a list ofsovereign states with the dates of their formation (date of their independence or of their constitution), sorted by continent. This...
portion ofthe territory of an otherwise-recognized sovereignstateThe total number of countries in the African continent varies due to the instability...
countries. May 30: the Nigerian stateofBiafra secedes from the rest of Nigeria, declaring itself as the Republic ofBiafra. June 5: in response to Egypt's...
Nigeria Limited, via Biafra Nigeria World News. Archived from the original on 31 December 2007. Retrieved 11 December 2007. Government of Nigeria, National...
made Juxon-Smith the chairman. Biafra: Biafran Army colonel Victor Banjo plotted a coup against Biafran President Odumegwu Ojukwu. The coup plot was uncovered...
the Igbo military leader Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu unilaterally declared the independence ofBiafra. Due to Ojukwu carrying out the instructions of...
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