The Mount Sandel Mesolithic site is in Coleraine, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland, just to the east of the Iron Age Mount Sandel Fort.[1] It is one of the oldest archaeological sites in Ireland with carbon dating indicating an age of 9,000 years old (7,000BC).[2] Gwendoline Cave, County Clare is the only site in Ireland with evidence of human occupation which pre-dates this location.[3] Mount Sandel Mesolithic site is a Scheduled Historic Monument in the townland of Mount Sandel, in Causeway Coast and Glens Council area, at Grid Ref: C8533 3076.[4] It was excavated by Peter Woodman in the 1970s.[1][5]
It has been said that "The Mt. Sandel excavations dominate the picture of the Early Mesolithic (in Ireland) as so few other sites have been excavated and fully published, let alone found. Not only that, but here was evidence for dwellings – until recently it was not until the Neolithic that there was again evidence for houses in Ireland."[6] These excavations revealed the remains of no fewer than ten structures, although these were not all contemporaneous, and a large number of pits, post-holes and hearths. When the structures could be made out most of them were apparently roughly oval in plan and measured approximately 6 metres (20 ft) in width. They had been built over shallow man-made depressions and were defined by stout post-holes. Many of the post holes were inclined towards the centre of the building which suggests that they were for holding saplings which were bent inwards after being driven into the ground to make a tent or tepee like structure. It is assumed that this framework was then covered in hide, reed or some other organic material. Within the huts a hearth was positioned in the centre.[7]
It is thought that this site was most likely home to a small extended family group which occupied this site for most of the year. They were hunter-gatherers catching the migrating salmon during the summer, gathering hazelnuts in the autumn and hunting wild boar in the winter. Their robust homes were heated by internal hearths and they represent the only confirmed Mesolithic houses so far found in Ireland.[7]
^C. Michael Hogan. 2011. Celtic Sea. Encyclopedia of Earth. Eds. P. Saundry & C.J. Cleveland. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington, DC.
^"Earliest evidence of humans in Ireland". BBC News. 21 March 2016. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
^"Mount Sandel Mesolithic settlement site" (PDF). Environment and Heritage Service NI. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 February 2010. Retrieved 2 December 2007.
^"Mountsandel: where Irish history started". Coleraine Times. 9 June 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2017.
^Driscoll, Killian (October 2006). "3.3 The Early Mesolithic". The early prehistory in the west of Ireland: Investigations into the social archaeology of the Mesolithic, west of the Shannon, Ireland. Retrieved 1 March 2020. (M. Litt thesis)
^ abColm (22 July 2013). "Mount Sandel, a Mesolithic Campsite". Irish Archaeology. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
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