Rosa Parks on a Montgomery bus on December 21, 1956, the day Montgomery's public transportation system was legally integrated. Behind Parks is Nicholas C. Chriss, a UPI reporter covering the event.
Date
December 5, 1955 – December 20, 1956 (1955-12-05 – 1956-12-20)
Location
Montgomery, Alabama, U.S.
Caused by
Racial segregation on public transportation
Successful 6-day Baton Rouge bus boycott
Claudette Colvin's arrest
Rosa Parks' arrest
Resulted in
Browder v. Gayle (1956)
Emergence of Martin Luther King Jr.
Inspired Tallahassee bus boycott
Formation of Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
Parties
Women's Political Council (WPC)
Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA)
City Commission of Montgomery
National City Lines
Montgomery City Lines
Montgomery Citizens Council
Lead figures
WPC member
Jo Ann Robinson
MIA members
Martin Luther King Jr.
E.D. Nixon
Rosa Parks
Fred Gray
City Commission
W. A. Gayle, President of the Commission (mayor)
Frank Parks, Commissioner
Clyde Sellers, Police Commissioner
National City Lines
Kenneth E. Totten, vice president
Montgomery City Lines
J.H. Bagley, manager
Jack Crenshaw, attorney
James F. Blake, bus driver
v
t
e
Civil Rights Movement in Alabama
State of Alabama
Alabama Pupil Placement Law
NAACP v. Patterson
NAACP v. Alabama
United States v. Alabama
Original Freedom Rides
George Wallace's Inaugural Address
United States v. Wallace
Hamilton v. Alabama
City of Birmingham
Bombingham
Birmingham bus boycott
First Bethel Baptist Church bombing
Shuttlesworth v. Birmingham Board of Education
Birmingham sit-ins
Armstrong v. Birmingham Board of Education
Anniston bus bombing
Birmingham bus attack
Gober v. City of Birmingham
Birmingham campaign
Children's Crusade
Gaston Motel and King residence bombings
Birmingham riot of 1963
16th Street Baptist Church bombing
Shooting of Johnny Robinson
Murder of Virgil Lamar Ware
Katzenbach v. McClung
Shuttlesworth v. City of Birmingham
City of Montgomery
Montgomery bus boycott
Browder v. Gayle
Robert Graetz residence bombing
Martin Luther King Jr. residence bombing
Gilmore v. City of Montgomery
Montgomery sit-ins
Connecticut Freedom Ride
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan
Selma to Montgomery marches
U.S. v. Montgomery County Board of Ed.
Smith v. Young Men's Christian Association
Gilmore v. City of Montgomery
City of Selma
Selma to Montgomery marches
Murder of Jimmie Lee Jackson
Murder of James Reeb
Murder of Viola Liuzzo
City of Tuscaloosa
Lucy v. Adams
University of Alabama desegregation crisis
Stand in the Schoolhouse Door
Bloody Tuesday
City of Tuskegee
Tuskegee merchant boycott
Alabama Act 140
Tuskegee sit-ins
Gomillion v. Lightfoot
Tuskegee High School desegregation crisis
Murder of Sammy Younge Jr.
Lee v. Macon County Board of Education
Other localities
Murder of Willie Edwards
Murder of William Lewis Moore
Murder of Willie Brewster
Murder of Jonathan Daniels
The Montgomery bus boycott was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. It was a foundational event in the civil rights movement in the United States. The campaign lasted from December 5, 1955—the Monday after Rosa Parks, an African-American woman, was arrested for her refusal to surrender her seat to a white person—to December 20, 1956, when the federal ruling Browder v. Gayle took effect, and led to a United States Supreme Court decision that declared the Alabama and Montgomery laws that segregated buses were unconstitutional.[1]
^"Montgomery Bus Boycott". Civil Rights Movement Archive.
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