Global InformationMontenegro information
Montenegro Crna Gora, Црна Гора (Montenegrin) | |
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 Flag
 Coat of arms
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| Anthem: Oj, svijetla majska zoro (English: "Oh, Bright Dawn of May") | |
![Location of Montenegro (green) in Europe (dark grey) – [Legend]](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Europe-Montenegro.svg/250px-Europe-Montenegro.svg.png) Location of Montenegro (green) in Europe (dark grey) – [Legend] | |
| Capital and largest city | Podgorica[1] 42°47′N 19°28′E / 42.783°N 19.467°E |
| Official languages | Montenegrin[2] |
| Languages in official use[3] |
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| Ethnic groups (2011[4]) |
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| Religion (2011[4]) |
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| Demonym(s) | Montenegrin |
| Government | Unitary parliamentary republic |
• President | Jakov Milatović |
• Prime Minister | Milojko Spajić |
• President of the Parliament | Andrija Mandić |
| Legislature | Parliament |
| Establishment history | |
• Duklja | 10th century |
• Zeta | 1356 |
• Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro | 1516 |
• Principality of Montenegro | 13 March 1852 |
• Treaty of Berlin | 13 July 1878 |
• Kingdom of Montenegro | 28 August 1910 |
• Kingdom of Yugoslavia | 26 November 1918 |
• SFR Yugoslavia | 29 November 1945 |
• Serbia and Montenegro | 27 April 1992 |
• Independence referendum | 21 May 2006 |
• Joined NATO | 5 June 2017 |
| Area | |
• Total | 13,812 km2 (5,333 sq mi) (156th) |
• Water (%) | 2.6 |
| Population | |
• 2023 census |  633,158[5] |
• Density | 43.6/km2 (112.9/sq mi) (133rd) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2023 estimate |
• Total |  $17.431 billion[6] (149th) |
• Per capita | $28,002[6] (63rd) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2023 estimate |
• Total | $7.058 billion[6] (153rd) |
• Per capita | $11,338[6] (73rd) |
| Gini (2020) |  32.9[7]medium |
| HDI (2022) | 0.844[8] very high (50th) |
| Currency | Euro (€)a (EUR) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Date format | dd.mm.yyyy. |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +382 |
| ISO 3166 code | ME |
| Internet TLD | .me |
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Montenegro (/ˌmɒntɪˈniːɡroʊ, -ˈneɪɡroʊ, -ˈnɛɡroʊ/ MON-tin-E(E)G-roh, -AY-groh;[9] Montenegrin: Crna Gora[a] / Црна Гора;[b] Albanian: Mali i Zi; lit. 'Black Mountain')[10][11] is a country in Southeast Europe, located in the Balkans.[12] It is bordered by Bosnia and Herzegovina to the north, Serbia to the northeast, Kosovo to the east, Albania to the southeast, and Croatia and the Adriatic Sea to the northwest with a coastline of 293.5 km.[13] Podgorica (Cyrillic: Подгорица) is the country's capital and its largest city; it covers 10.4% of Montenegro's territory of 13,812 square kilometres (5,333 sq mi), and is home to roughly 31% of its total population of 621,000.[14] Cetinje (Cyrillic: Цетиње) is the former royal capital and cultural centre of Montenegro and is the location of several national institutions, including the official residence of the President of Montenegro.[15]
During the Early Medieval period, three principalities were located on the territory of modern-day Montenegro: Duklja, roughly corresponding to the southern half; Travunia, the west; and Rascia proper, the north.[16][17][18] The Principality of Zeta emerged in the 14th and 15th centuries. From the late 14th century to the late 18th century, large parts of southern Montenegro were ruled by the Venetian Republic and incorporated into Venetian Albania.[19] The name Montenegro was first used to refer to the country in the late 15th century. After falling under Ottoman Empire rule, Montenegro gained semi-autonomy in 1696 under the rule of the House of Petrović-Njegoš, first as a theocracy and later as a secular principality. Montenegro's independence was recognised by the Great Powers at the Congress of Berlin in 1878. In 1910, the country became a kingdom. After World War I, the kingdom became part of Yugoslavia. Following the breakup of Yugoslavia, the republics of Serbia and Montenegro together proclaimed a federation. In June 2006 Montenegro declared its independence from Serbia and Montenegro following an independence referendum, creating Montenegro and Serbia as they exist today.[20] Montenegro is therefore one of the newest internationally-recognised countries in the world.[21]
Montenegro has an upper-middle-income economy,[22] and ranks 49th in the Human Development Index.[23] It is a member of the United Nations, NATO, the World Trade Organization, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the Council of Europe, and the Central European Free Trade Agreement.[24] Montenegro is also a founding member of the Union for the Mediterranean,[25] and has been in the process of joining the European Union since 2012.[26]
- ^ Podgorica is the administrative capital while Cetinje is considered the old royal capital
- ^ "Language and alphabet Article 13". Constitution of Montenegro. WIPO. 19 October 2007.
The official language in Montenegro shall be Montenegrin. Cyrillic and Latin alphabet shall be equal.
- ^ "Language and alphabet Article 13". Constitution of Montenegro. WIPO. 19 October 2007.
Serbian, Bosnian, Albanian and Croatian shall also be in the official use.
- ^ a b "Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in Montenegro 2011" (PDF). Monstat. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ^ "Statistical Office of Montenegro - MONSTAT".
- ^ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Montenegro)". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 10 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
- ^ "Eurostat". ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
- ^ "Human Development Report 2023/24" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
- ^ Jones, Daniel (2011). Roach, Peter; Setter, Jane; Esling, John (eds.). Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (18th ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-15255-6.
- ^ "Влада Црне Горе". Vlada Crne Gore (in Montenegrin). Archived from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
- ^ "Vlada Crne Gore". Влада Црне Горе (in Montenegrin). Archived from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
- ^ "Montenegro – The World Factbook". www.cia.gov. 19 October 2021. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
- ^ "Montenegro – History". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
- ^ "Montenegro / Crna Gora – Country Profile". Montenegro. 12 October 1992. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
- ^ Plavi dvorac, Cetinje Archived 30 May 2023 at the Wayback Machine, waytomonte.com
- ^ Luscombe, David; Riley-Smith, Jonathan (2004). The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 4, c. 1024 – c. 1198. Cambridge University Press. pp. 266–. ISBN 9780521414111.
- ^ Sedlar, Jean W. (2013). East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000–1500. University of Washington Press. pp. 21–. ISBN 9780295800646.
- ^ John Van Antwerp Fine (1983). The early medieval Balkans: a critical survey from the sixth to the late twelfth century. University of Michigan Press. p. 194. ISBN 9780472100255.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
:0was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Serbia ends union with Montenegro". The Irish Times. 5 June 2006. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
- ^ Taylor, Adam (14 September 2014). "The 9 newest countries in the world". Washington Post.
- ^ "Montenegro Economy: Population, GDP, Inflation, Business, Trade, FDI, Corruption". The Heritage Foundation. 9 March 2021. Archived from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
- ^ United Nations. "Country Insights".
- ^ "Membership of Montenegro in International Organizations". mvp.gov.me. Archived from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
- ^ "Montenegro". European Western Balkans. 24 February 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
- ^ "European Neighbourhood Policy And Enlargement Negotiations – European Commission". European Neighbourhood Policy And Enlargement Negotiations – European Commission. 6 December 2016. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
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