The history of vigilante justice and the Montana Vigilantes began in 1863 in what was at the time a remote part of eastern Idaho Territory. Vigilante activities continued, although somewhat sporadically, through the Montana Territorial period until the territory became the state of Montana on November 8, 1889. Vigilantism arose because territorial law enforcement and the courts had very little power in the remote mining camps during the territorial period.
In 1863–1864, Montana Vigilantes followed the model of the San Francisco Committee of Vigilance that existed in 1850s California to bring order to lawless communities in and around the gold fields of Alder Gulch and Grasshopper Creek. There are estimates that over 100 persons were killed in "road agent" robberies in the fall of 1863. The Vigilance Committee of Alder Gulch organized in December 1863, and in the first six weeks of 1864 at least 20 road agents of the infamous Plummer gang, known as the "Innocents", were captured and hanged by the organization.[1] Formal territorial law reached Alder Gulch in late 1864 with the arrival of Territorial Judge Hezekiah L. Hosmer and vigilante activity ceased in the region.
As the gold fields of Alder Gulch and Grasshopper Creek declined in 1865, prospectors and fortune seekers migrated to newly discovered areas in and around Last Chance Gulch (now Helena, Montana). As lawlessness increased, vigilante justice continued there with the formation of the Committee of Safety in 1865. During the period 1865–1870, at least 14 alleged criminals were executed by Helena's vigilantes. In 1884, ranchers in Central and Eastern Montana resorted to vigilante justice to deal with cattle rustlers and horse thieves. The best-known vigilante group in that area were "Stuart's Stranglers", organized by Granville Stuart in the Musselshell region. As formal law enforcement became more prevalent in the region, vigilantism fell into decline.
Vigilantism in pre-territorial and territorial Montana has been written about, romanticized and chronicled in personal memoirs, biographies, documentary and scholarly works, film and fiction for well over a century. The first book published in Montana was Thomas J. Dimsdale's 1866 first edition of The Vigilantes of Montana, which was compiled from a series of newspaper articles he wrote for the Montana Post in 1865.[2] Historical analysis of the period ranges from disrepute to heroism, with debates over whether the lack of any functioning justice system and the understanding of due process at the time meant the vigilantes acted in a way they thought was best for their communities or if modern standards of due process should govern analysis of their actions.
^Dillon, Mark C. (2013). "Postmortem Echo of Times Past". Montana Vigilantes 1863–1870 Gold, Guns and Gallows. Logan, Utah: Utah State University Press. pp. 370–371. ISBN 978-0-87421-919-7.
^Smith, Jeffrey J. (2003). Montana Book of Days. Missoula, Montana: Historic Montana Publishing. p. 277. ISBN 0-9663355-6-2.
and 19 Related for: Montana Vigilantes information
history of vigilante justice and the MontanaVigilantes began in 1863 in what was at the time a remote part of eastern Idaho Territory. Vigilante activities...
Territorial Governor of Montana. During his term as Territorial Governor, he was an alleged member of the infamous MontanaVigilantes, and was reputedly among...
himself had committed. The MontanaVigilantes hanged Helm, Gallagher, and other members of the gang in Virginia City, Montana on January 14, 1864 in front...
death. The execution was carried out by the MontanaVigilantes, a committee which functioned during Montana's gold rush in 1863 and 1864. Lane was born...
Montana (/mɒnˈtænə/ mon-TAN-ə) is a landlocked state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It borders Idaho to the west, North...
claimed was a vigilante group. Operating since 2002, perverted-justice.com opponents have accused the website of being modern-day cyber vigilantes. In a number...
cattle rustlers roamed across various portions of Wyoming and Montana, with Montanavigilantes such as the infamous Stuart's Stranglers declaring "War on...
Lynching: The MontanaVigilantes. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-3651-0. Dimsdale, Thomas J. (1915). The Vigilantes of Montana-or Popular...
Allen, Fredrick (Spring 2001). "MontanaVigilantes: and the Origins of the 3-7-77". Governor of the State of Montana. Montana The Magazine of Western History...
in Bannack, Montana. Skinner, like many of his outlaw friends, was killed by the MontanaVigilantes. Thomas Dimsdale, editor of the Montana Post and author...
leader, vigilante, author, cattleman and diplomat who played a prominent role in the early history of Montana Territory and the state of Montana. Widely...
player John X. Beidler, or simply "X. Beidler", associated with the MontanaVigilantes Philip Beidler (1944–2022), American professor of American literature...
This is a list of the counties in the U.S. state of Montana. There are 56 counties in the state. Montana has two consolidated city-counties—Anaconda with...
name to the Western Montana Council (#320). In 1973, the Vigilante Area, Western Montana, Yellowstone Valley and North Central Montana councils all merged...
Montana, former criminal Henry Plummer is made sheriff by the town's leaders, but his secret is revealed when the newly formed MontanaVigilantes find...
Rush, the vigilantes, and the birth of Montana Territory. Helena, Montana: Montana Historical Society. ISBN 0-9721522-2-9. "Guide to Montana Historical...
skyscraper; looks at a plaque in Nevada City, Montana, recalling the George Ives trial/hanging and how MontanaVigilantes stopped the 1863 stagecoach robberies...