The Monongahela cultural region with some of its major sites and neighbors as of 1050~1635 AD
The Monongahela culture were an Iroquoian Native American cultural manifestation of Late Woodland peoples from AD 1050 to 1635 in present-day Western Pennsylvania, western Maryland, eastern Ohio, and West Virginia.[1] The culture was named by Mary Butler in 1939 for the Monongahela River, whose valley contains the majority of this culture's sites.[2]
The Monongahela practiced maize agriculture, and lived in well laid out villages, some of which consisted of as many as 50-100 structures. They traded with other Indian groups who in turn traded with Europeans. The Monongahela seem to have disappeared some time during the 1620s or 1630s before having significant direct contact with Europeans.
Many scholars believe this to be the result of the spread of European infectious diseases. Others believe that most of the Monongahela were killed by or assimilated into either the Iroquois or the Algonquian-speaking Lenape tribes during warfare, as the more powerful tribes competed to control area hunting grounds for the fur trade. Still others claim that two severe droughts, one from 1587 to 1589 and another from 1607 to 1612, drove habitable area.
^"Monongahela culture-AD 1050-1635". Fort Hill Archeology. Retrieved 2010-01-14.[permanent dead link]
^"Monongahela culture". Ohio History Central. Retrieved 2010-01-14.
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