Moina information

Moina
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Branchiopoda
Superorder:	Diplostraca
Order:	Anomopoda
Family:	Moinidae
Genus:	Moina; Baird, 1850
Type species
	Moina brachiata; (Jurine, 1820)

Moina is a genus of crustaceans within the family Moinidae.^[3]^[4] The genus was first described by W. Baird in 1850. They are referred to as water fleas, but are related to the much larger Daphnia magna and the larger Daphnia pulex.^[5] This genus demonstrates the ability to survive in waters containing low oxygen levels, high salinity, and other impurities, including salt pans, and commonly eutrophication.^[6] An example of such an extreme habitat is the highly saline Makgadikgadi Pans of Botswana, which supports prolific numbers of Moina belli.^[7]

The Moina are known to be found in various types of bodies of water in Eurasia where new found research indicates that there is an increased presence of biodiversity in regions of Northern Eurasia, Japan and China.^[8] According to genetic data, whole the genus Moina is divided into two big faunistic groups: European-Western Siberian and Eastern Siberian-Far Eastern, with a transitional zone at the Yenisey River basin (Eastern Siberia).^[9] There is an increase of new phylogroups found in Northern Eurasia, an increase of 4 new Moina species in Japan and an increase of five new lineages in China.^[9]^[10] In the water bodies of the world, at least 4 species of Moina are non-native species.^[11]

^ "Moina". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
^ "Moina". Australian Faunal Directory. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. October 8, 2009.
^ Cite error: The named reference worms was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota (1884). Annual Report: Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota.
^ BOLD Systems: Moina {genus} - Arthropoda; Branchiopoda; Diplostraca; Moinidae;
^ Vignatti, Alicia María; Cabrera, Gabriela Cecilia; Echaniz, Santiago Andrés (2013). "Distribution and biological aspects of the introduced species Moina macrocopa (Straus, 1820) (Crustacea, Cladocera) in the semi-arid central region of Argentina". Biota Neotropica. 13 (3): 86–92. doi:10.1590/S1676-06032013000300011.
^ C. Michael Hogan (2008). "Makgadikgadi". The Megalithic Portal.
^ Makino, Wataru; Machida, Ryuji J.; Okitsu, Jiro; Usio, Nisikawa (2020-02-01). "Underestimated species diversity and hidden habitat preference in Moina (Crustacea, Cladocera) revealed by integrative taxonomy". Hydrobiologia. 847 (3): 857–878. doi:10.1007/s10750-019-04147-3. S2CID 209332097.
^ ^a ^b Bekker, Eugeniya I.; Karabanov, Dmitry P.; Galimov, Yan R.; Kotov, Alexey A. (2016-08-24). "DNA Barcoding Reveals High Cryptic Diversity in the North Eurasian Moina Species (Crustacea: Cladocera)". PLOS ONE. 11 (8): e0161737. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1161737B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0161737. PMC 4996527. PMID 27556403.
^ Ni, Yijun; Ma, Xiaolin; Hu, Wei; Blair, David; Yin, Mingbo (2019-05-01). "New lineages and old species: Lineage diversity and regional distribution of Moina (Crustacea: Cladocera) in China". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 134: 87–98. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2019.02.007. PMID 30753887. S2CID 73443721.
^ Kotov, Alexey A.; Karabanov, Dmitry P.; Van Damme, Kay (2022-09-09). "Non-Indigenous Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda): From a Few Notorious Cases to a Potential Global Faunal Mixing in Aquatic Ecosystems". Water. 14 (18): 2806. doi:10.3390/w14182806.

[ITIS-1] "Moina". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.

[2] "Moina". Australian Faunal Directory. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. October 8, 2009.

[worms-3] Cite error: The named reference worms was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[4] Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota (1884). Annual Report: Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota.

[5] BOLD Systems: Moina {genus} - Arthropoda; Branchiopoda; Diplostraca; Moinidae;

[6] Vignatti, Alicia María; Cabrera, Gabriela Cecilia; Echaniz, Santiago Andrés (2013). "Distribution and biological aspects of the introduced species Moina macrocopa (Straus, 1820) (Crustacea, Cladocera) in the semi-arid central region of Argentina". Biota Neotropica. 13 (3): 86–92. doi:10.1590/S1676-06032013000300011.

[7] C. Michael Hogan (2008). "Makgadikgadi". The Megalithic Portal.

[8] Makino, Wataru; Machida, Ryuji J.; Okitsu, Jiro; Usio, Nisikawa (2020-02-01). "Underestimated species diversity and hidden habitat preference in Moina (Crustacea, Cladocera) revealed by integrative taxonomy". Hydrobiologia. 847 (3): 857–878. doi:10.1007/s10750-019-04147-3. S2CID 209332097.

[Bekker-9] Bekker, Eugeniya I.; Karabanov, Dmitry P.; Galimov, Yan R.; Kotov, Alexey A. (2016-08-24). "DNA Barcoding Reveals High Cryptic Diversity in the North Eurasian Moina Species (Crustacea: Cladocera)". PLOS ONE. 11 (8): e0161737. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1161737B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0161737. PMC 4996527. PMID 27556403.

[10] Ni, Yijun; Ma, Xiaolin; Hu, Wei; Blair, David; Yin, Mingbo (2019-05-01). "New lineages and old species: Lineage diversity and regional distribution of Moina (Crustacea: Cladocera) in China". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 134: 87–98. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2019.02.007. PMID 30753887. S2CID 73443721.

[11] Kotov, Alexey A.; Karabanov, Dmitry P.; Van Damme, Kay (2022-09-09). "Non-Indigenous Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda): From a Few Notorious Cases to a Potential Global Faunal Mixing in Aquatic Ecosystems". Water. 14 (18): 2806. doi:10.3390/w14182806.

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