1872–73 conflict between the Native American Modoc people and the U.S. Army
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Modoc War
Engraving of soldiers recovering the bodies of the slain May 3, 1873
Date
July 6, 1872 – June 4, 1873
Location
California and Oregon, United States
Result
United States victory
Belligerents
Modoc
United States
Commanders and leaders
Kintpuash Scarface Charley Shaknasty Jim
Frank Wheaton John Green Reuben Benard Alvan Gillem Edwin Cooley Mason Jefferson C. Davis Edward Canby † Donald McKay Billy Chinook
Strength
120 warriors[1]
1,000 infantry, scouts and cavalry[1] 2 howitzers
Casualties and losses
17 warriors killed[2] 39 warriors captured[2]
83 soldiers and volunteers killed[2] 46 wounded
v
t
e
California Indian Wars
Gila Expedition
Bloody Island Massacre
El Dorado Indian War
Mariposa War
Garra Revolt
Yuma War
Bridge Gulch Massacre
Yontoket Massacre
Achulet Massacre
Asbill Massacre
Kabyai Creek Massacre
Sutter Buttes Massacre
Sacramento River Massacre
Klamath and Salmon River War
Round Valley Settler Massacres of 1856–1859
Tule River War
Second Pitt River Expedition
Northeast California Indian Wars
Bald Hills War
California's Pitt River Expedition
Mendocino War
Bitter Spring Expedition
Owens Valley Indian War
Snake War
Mojave Desert Indian Campaign
Modoc War
Calloway Affair of 1880
Round Valley War
The Modoc War, or the Modoc Campaign (also known as the Lava Beds War), was an armed conflict between the Native American Modoc people and the United States Army in northeastern California and southeastern Oregon from 1872 to 1873.[3] Eadweard Muybridge photographed the early part of the US Army's campaign.
Kintpuash, also known as Captain Jack, led 52 warriors in a band of more than 150 Modoc people who left the Klamath Reservation. Occupying defensive positions throughout the lava beds south of Tule Lake (in present-day Lava Beds National Monument), those few warriors resisted for months the more numerous United States Army forces sent against them, which were reinforced with artillery. In April 1873 at a peace commission meeting, Captain Jack and others killed General Edward Canby and Rev. Eleazer Thomas, and wounded two others, mistakenly believing this would encourage the Americans to leave. The Modoc fled back to the lava beds. After U.S. forces were reinforced, some Modoc warriors surrendered and Captain Jack and the last of his band were captured. Jack and five warriors were tried for the murders of the two peace commissioners. Jack and three warriors were executed and two others sentenced to life in prison.
The remaining 153 Modoc of the band were sent to Indian Territory (pre-statehood Oklahoma), where they were held as prisoners of war until 1909, settled on reservation land with the Shawnee. Some at that point were allowed to return to the Klamath Reservation in Oregon. Most Modoc (and their descendants) stayed in what became the state of Oklahoma. They achieved separate federal recognition and were granted some land in Oklahoma. There are two federally recognized Modoc tribes: in Oregon and Oklahoma.
^ ab"INDIAN WARS Campaigns". Archived from the original on 2010-08-08. Retrieved 2010-07-12.
^ abc"Modoc Indian War". Archived from the original on 2016-08-11. Retrieved 2016-06-22.
^Beck, Warren A. and Ynez D. Hasse. The Modoc War, 1872 to 1873. Archived 2006-11-08 at the Wayback Machine California State Military Museum. (10 Feb 2008)
The ModocWar, or the Modoc Campaign (also known as the Lava Beds War), was an armed conflict between the Native American Modoc people and the United...
tribes, the Klamath Tribes in Oregon and the Modoc Tribe of Oklahoma, now known as the Modoc Nation. The Modoc, like the neighboring Klamath, spoke dialectic...
meeting. The Modoc leaders were hanged for "murder in violation of the laws of war" by the Army. Kintpuash was born about 1837 into a Modoc family in their...
The Modoc Nation is a federally recognized tribe of Modoc people, located in Ottawa County in the northeast corner of Oklahoma and Modoc and Siskiyou counties...
tribe of ModocModocWar, the last armed resistance of the Modoc people in 1873 The "Modocs", rival gang to the Molly Maguires Modoc, Arkansas Modoc, Georgia...
Francisco, the newly acquired Alaskan Territory, subjects involved in the ModocWar, and lighthouses on the West Coast. He also made his early "moving" picture...
of the Mojave Desert, and in the northeast during the Snake War (1864–1868) and ModocWar (1872–1873). The tribes of the Great Basin were mostly Shoshone...
The following is a tabulation of United States military casualties of war. Note: "Total casualties" includes wounded, combat and non-combat deaths but...
Spanish-American War, World War I, World War II, the Cold War (which encompasses the Korean War, and the Vietnam War), the Gulf War and the War on Terror (which...
and Modoc warriors were also armed. According to Jeff C. Riddle, the Modoc son of the US interpreter and the author of Indian History of the ModocWar (1914)...
Headed Doctor (Modoc: Cho-ocks, 1828 — 1890; also Curly-Headed Doctor) was the spiritual leader for the Modoc tribe, notably during the ModocWar. Curley Headed...
the Modoc Indians in northern California in 1873. The battle led to the splintering of the Modoc bands, and was the last major battle of the ModocWar. On...
Battle of the Stronghold (January 17, 1873) was the second battle in the ModocWar of 1872–1873. The battle was fought between the United States Army under...
Stronghold (a.k.a. Lava Beds) was a battle during the ModocWar between a band of the Native American Modoc tribe and the Army of the United States, in northeastern...
a Modoc woman who served as an interpreter in negotiations between the Native American Modoc tribe and the United States Army during the ModocWar (also...
National Monument is located in northeastern California, in Siskiyou and Modoc counties. The monument lies on the northeastern flank of Medicine Lake Volcano...
The Battle of Lost River in November 1872 was the first battle in the ModocWar in the northwestern United States. The skirmish, which was fought near...
Other famous wars in this regard included the Nez Perce War and the ModocWar, which marked the last conflict officially declared a war. By the late 1870s...
Route 97. It is part of the larger cliff known as Modoc Rim or Modoc Ridge. The point is named for the Modoc tribe of Native Americans because it was assigned...
The Battle of Sand Butte between the Modoc Indians and the United States Army was a part of the ModocWar in California. On April 26, 1873, a force of...
Upper Klamath Lake. In 1873, the Native Americans were defeated in the ModocWar, and were relocated to a reservation on the north side of the lake. Being...
His brothers, Jake and Shacknasty Frank, fought under him during the ModocWar. After the plot to assassinate the peace commissioners was carried out...
Global Information
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