Modic changes are pathological changes in the bones of the spine, the vertebrae. These changes are situated in both the body of the vertebrae and in the end plate of the neighboring disc.
Clinically, Modic Changes are often associated with constant lower back pain during the day, with peak pain occurring during the night and in the morning, coupled with back stiffness.[1][2]
Modic changes have been observed in approximately 6% of the general adult population regardless of ethnicity.[3][4][5][6]
Modic changes are rare in children and young adults. From the age of 25 to 40 years, there is a steep increase in their prevalence, which levels out about 40 years of age and is stable until 80+ years.[7]
Modic changes are estimated to affect approximately 349 million of the adult population worldwide.[July 2021 est.][8]
Modic changes is a descriptive term used by radiologists in MRI evaluations. Conventional treatment including physiotherapy, chiropractic, acupuncture, and exercise for back pain, are not effective in treating Modic changes. Conversely, long term antibiotic treatment has been shown to be an effective treatment if done effectively.
^Jensen, Tue Secher; Karppinen, Jaro; Sorensen, Joan S.; Niinimäki, Jaakko; Leboeuf-Yde, Charlotte (November 2008). "Vertebral endplate signal changes (Modic change): a systematic literature review of prevalence and association with non-specific low back pain". European Spine Journal. 17 (11): 1407–1422. doi:10.1007/s00586-008-0770-2. PMC 2583186. PMID 18787845.
^Arnbak, Bodil; Jurik, Anne G.; Jensen, Tue S.; Manniche, Claus (February 2018). "Association Between Inflammatory Back Pain Characteristics and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in the Spine and Sacroiliac Joints". Arthritis Care & Research. 70 (2): 244–251. doi:10.1002/acr.23259. PMID 28426912. S2CID 21199975.
^Mok, Florence P.S.; Samartzis, Dino; Karppinen, Jaro; Fong, Daniel Y.T.; Luk, Keith D.K.; Cheung, Kenneth M.C. (January 2016). "Modic changes of the lumbar spine: prevalence, risk factors, and association with disc degeneration and low back pain in a large-scale population-based cohort". The Spine Journal. 16 (1): 32–41. doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2015.09.060. PMID 26456851.
^Kuisma, Mari; Karppinen, Jaro; Niinimäki, Jaakko; Ojala, Risto; Haapea, Marianne; Heliövaara, Markku; Korpelainen, Raija; Taimela, Simo; Natri, Antero; Tervonen, Osmo (May 2007). "Modic Changes in Endplates of Lumbar Vertebral Bodies: Prevalence and Association With Low Back and Sciatic Pain Among Middle-Aged Male Workers". Spine. 32 (10): 1116–1122. doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000261561.12944.ff. PMID 17471095. S2CID 37327051.
^Jensen, Tue Secher; Karppinen, Jaro; Sorensen, Joan S.; Niinimäki, Jaakko; Leboeuf-Yde, Charlotte (November 2008). "Vertebral endplate signal changes (Modic change): a systematic literature review of prevalence and association with non-specific low back pain". European Spine Journal. 17 (11): 1407–1422. doi:10.1007/s00586-008-0770-2. PMC 2583186. PMID 18787845.
^Kjaer, Per; Korsholm, Lars; Bendix, Tom; Sorensen, Joan S.; Leboeuf-Yde, Charlotte (September 2006). "Modic changes and their associations with clinical findings". European Spine Journal. 15 (9): 1312–1319. doi:10.1007/s00586-006-0185-x. PMC 2438570. PMID 16896838.
^Albert, Hanne B.; Briggs, Andrew M.; Kent, Peter; Byrhagen, Andreas; Hansen, Christian; Kjaergaard, Karina (August 2011). "The prevalence of MRI-defined spinal pathoanatomies and their association with Modic changes in individuals seeking care for low back pain". European Spine Journal. 20 (8): 1355–1362. doi:10.1007/s00586-011-1794-6. PMC 3175840. PMID 21544595.
^"World". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 26 May 2022. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
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