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Ethnic group
Mixtec Ñuù savi
Mixtec king and warlord Eight Deer Jaguar Claw (right) Meeting with Four Jaguar, in a depiction from the pre-Columbian Codex Zouche-Nuttall.
Total population
Approximately 830,000[1][2]
Regions with significant populations
Mexico (Oaxaca,Puebla, Guerrero, Chiapas)
Languages
Mixtec, Spanish
Religion
Roman Catholicism with elements of traditional beliefs
The Mixtecs (/ˈmiːstɛks,ˈmiːʃtɛks/),[3] or Mixtecos, are Indigenous Mesoamerican peoples of Mexico inhabiting the region known as La Mixteca of Oaxaca and Puebla as well as La Montaña Region and Costa Chica Regions of the state of Guerrero. The Mixtec culture was the main Mixtec civilization, which lasted from around 1500 BC until being conquered by the Spanish in 1523.
The Mixtec region is generally divided into three subregions based on geography: the Mixteca Alta (Upper Mixtec or Ñuu Savi Sukun), the Mixteca Baja (Lower Mixtec or Ñuu I'ni), and the Mixteca Costa (Coastal Mixtec or Ñuu Andivi). The Alta is drier with higher elevations, while the Baja is lower in elevation, hot but dry, and the Coasta is also low in elevation but much more humid and tropical. The Alta has seen the most study by archaeologists, with evidence for human settlement going back to the Archaic and Early Formative periods.[4] The first urbanized sites emerged here. Long considered to be part of the larger Mixteca region, groups living in the Baja were probably more culturally related to neighboring peoples in Eastern Guerrero than they were to the Mixtecs of the Alta.[5] They even had their own hieroglyphic writing system called ñuiñe.[6] The Costa only came under control of the Mixtecs during the military campaigns of the Mixtec cultural hero Eight Deer Jaguar Claw. Originally from Tilantongo in the Alta, Eight Deer and his armies conquered several major and minor kingdoms on their way to the coast, establishing the capital of Tututepec in the Lower Río Verde valley. Previously, the Costa had been primarily occupied by the Chatinos.
In pre-Columbian times, some Mixtec kingdoms competed and allied with each other and with Zapotec kingdoms in the Central Valleys. Like the rest of the indigenous peoples of Mexico, the Mixtecs were conquered by the Spanish invaders and their indigenous allies in the 16th century. Pre-Columbian Mixtecs numbered around 1.5 million.[7] Today there are approximately 800,000 Mixtec people in Mexico, and there are also large populations in the United States. The Mixtec languages form a major branch of the Oto-Manguean language family.
^Comisión Nacional para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indios (CDI) (2000): Lenguas indígenas de México. Viewed 30 November 2006.
^Instituto de los Mexicanos en el Exterior: Lazos. Síntesis informativa Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, 24 January 2005. Viewed 30 November 2006
^"Mixtec". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
^Joyce, Arthur (2009). Mixtecs, Zapotecs, and Chatinos: Ancient Peoples of Southern Mexico. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-0631209782.
^Gutiérrez, Gerardo (7 February 2017). "Classic and Postclassic Archaeological Features of the Mixteca-Tlapaneca-Nahua region of Guerrero: Why Didn't Anyone Tell Me the Classic was Over". After Monte Albán: Transformation and Negotiation in Oaxaca, Mexico. University Press of Colorado. pp. 367–362. ISBN 978-1-60732-597-0.
^Lind, Michael (2008). "Arqueología de la Mixteca" (PDF). Desacatos. 27: 13–32.
The Mixtec culture was the main Mixtec civilization, which lasted from around 1500 BC until being conquered by the Spanish in 1523. The Mixtec region...
The Mixtec (/ˈmiːstɛk, ˈmiːʃtɛk/) languages belong to the Mixtecan group of the Oto-Manguean language family. Mixtec is spoken in Mexico and is closely...
The Mixtec culture (also called the Mixtec civilization) was a pre-hispanic archaeological culture, corresponding to the ancestors of the Mixtec people;...
Silacayoapan is one of the more extensive Mixtec languages. It is spoken by 150,000 people in Puebla and across the border in Guerrero, as well as by emigrants...
Mixtec writing originated as a logographic writing system during the Post-Classic period in Mesoamerican history. Records of genealogy, historic events...
Apoala Mixtec is a Mixtec language of Oaxaca. It is not close to other varieties of Mixtec. Apoala Mixtec at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription...
Zacatepec Mixtec, or Tacuate, is a Mixtec language of Oaxaca. It is spoken in the town of Santa María Zacatepec and other towns in Oaxaca, Mexico. It...
The Mixtec Group is the designation given by scholars to a number of mostly pre-Columbian documents from the Mixtec people of the state of Oaxaca in the...
Nuyoo Mixtec, also known as Southwestern Tlaxiaco Mixtec, is a Mixtec language of Oaxaca. It is not close to other varieties of Mixtec, but its greatest...
Estetla Mixtec is a diverse Mixtec language of Oaxaca. Egland & Bartholomew found four dialects which have about 75% mutual intelligibility with each other:...
Cacaloxtepec Mixtec, also Huajuapan Mixtec, is a Mixtec language spoken in the town of Santiago Cacaloxtepec in Oaxaca, Mexico. It is most intelligible...
Chazumba Mixtec is a Mixtec language of Puebla and Oaxaca, spoken in the towns of Santiago Chazumba, San Pedro y San Pablo Tequixtepec, Zapotitlán, Santa...
Cuatzoquitengo Mixtec is a possible Mixtec language of Guerrero. Ethnologue counts Cuatzoquitengo Mixtec as a dialect of Alacatlatzala Mixtec. However, Egland...
Ixtayutla Mixtec is a Mixtec language of Oaxaca. It is close to Chayuco and Zacatepec Mixtec. Ixtayutla Mixtec at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription...
The internal classification of Mixtec is controversial. Many varieties are mutually unintelligible and by that criterion separate languages. In the 16th...
Pinotepa Mixtec is a Mixtec language of southern Oaxaca. Ethnologue lists the variety of San Juan Colorado / San Pedro Atoyac as a separate language. Pinotepa...
other varieties of Mixtec. Ethnologue estimates 61% intelligibility of Ixtayutla Mixtec, and 50% of Pinotepa Mixtec. Tututepec Mixtec at Ethnologue (18th...
Ixpantepec Nieves Mixtec, or simply Nieves Mixtec, is a variety of Mixtec spoken in the municipality of Ixpantepec Nieves, Oaxaca, Mexico and in San Diego...
Mesoamerican writing include Classical Maya, Classical Nahuatl, Zapotec, Mixtec, and various other languages, particularly of the Oto-Manguean and Uto-Aztecan...
Sindihui Mixtec is a nearly extinct Mixtec language spoken in the town of Santa Maria Sindihui in Oaxaca. It is not close to other varieties of Mixtec. It...
Mixtec is a Mixtec language of Oaxaca. It is not close to other varieties of Mixtec. Amoltepec Mixtec at Ethnologue (16th ed., 2009) Amoltepec Mixtec...
region of Oaxaca from as far back as 2000 BC, of whom the Zapotecs and Mixtecs were perhaps the most advanced, with complex social organization and sophisticated...
Southern Puebla Mixtec, denominated by INALI as Puebla-Oaxaca borderline Mixtec, and also known as Acatlán Mixtec, is a Mixtec language of Puebla and Oaxaca...
Coatzospan Mixtec (Coatzóspam Mixtec) is a Mixtec language of Oaxaca spoken in the town of San Juan Coatzospan. Consonants in parentheses are marginal...
Global Information
Oaxaca,
Puebla, 
Guerrero, 
Chiapas)