"Audio mixer" redirects here. For the film profession, see Production sound mixer and Re-recording mixer. For the music profession, see Live sound mixing and Audio engineer.
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SSL SL9000J (72 channel) console at Cutting Room Recording Studio, NYCAn audio engineer adjusts a mixer while doing live sound for a band.
A mixing console or mixing desk is an electronic device for mixing audio signals, used in sound recording and reproduction and sound reinforcement systems. Inputs to the console include microphones, signals from electric or electronic instruments, or recorded sounds. Mixers may control analog or digital signals. The modified signals are summed to produce the combined output signals, which can then be broadcast, amplified through a sound reinforcement system or recorded.
Mixing consoles are used for applications including recording studios, public address systems, sound reinforcement systems, nightclubs, broadcasting, and post-production. A typical, simple application combines signals from microphones on stage into an amplifier that drives one set of loudspeakers for the audience. A DJ mixer may have only two channels, for mixing two record players. A coffeehouse's tiny stage might only have a six-channel mixer, enough for two singer-guitarists and a percussionist. A nightclub stage's mixer for rock music shows may have 24 channels for mixing the signals from a rhythm section, lead guitar and several vocalists. A mixing console in a professional recording studio may have as many as 96 channels.[1] Consoles used for live sound can go even higher, with some having up to 384 input channels.[2]
In practice, mixers do more than simply mix signals. They can provide phantom power for condenser microphones; pan control, which changes a sound's apparent position in the stereo soundfield; filtering and equalization, which enables sound engineers to boost or cut selected frequencies to improve the sound; dynamic range compression, which allows engineers to increase the overall gain of the system or channel without exceeding the dynamic limits of the system; routing facilities, to send the signal from the mixer to another device, such as a sound recording system or a control room; and monitoring facilities, whereby one of a number of sources can be routed to loudspeakers or headphones for listening, often without affecting the mixer's main output.[3] Some mixers have onboard electronic effects, such as reverb. Some mixers intended for small venue live performance applications may include an integrated power amplifier.
^"96 Inputs and 22 Buses For Glorious Surround Sound". Yamaha. Retrieved 2016-12-20.
^"Quantum852". DiGiCo. Retrieved 2024-04-20.
^Rumsey, Francis; McCormick, Tim (2009). Sound and Recording (Sixth ed.). Elsevier. p. 109. ISBN 9780240521633.
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