Global InformationMission Freston information
Mission Freston was the code-name of the British Special Operations Executive (SOE) military mission under the command of Col. Capt D.T. Bill Hudson.,[1][2][3][4] to German-occupied Poland (1939–1945)[2][3] during World War II.[5][4] The soldiers taking part in it were parachuted on December 26/27, 1944,[1] about 30 km south-east of Częstochowa, near the town of Żarki.
During World War II in February 1944, the Polish government-in-exile began efforts to obtain a British mission in German-occupied Poland.[6][3] Seeing the reluctant attitude of Anthony Eden and the British Foreign Office, the head of SOE, Gen. Colin Gubbins, and the head of the Polish section of SOE, Lt. Col. Harold B. Perkins, decided to start their own preparations. Approval for the mission was probably obtained from Winston Churchill's office.[3][7]
Members of the mission parachuted on the night of December 26/27, 1944 to the receiving station "Ogórek" ("Cucumber"), about 30 km south-east of Częstochowa, in Bystrzanowice near Żarki (location: N 50°41'00" E 19°31' 40").[7] It was the fourth flight of this team, in the previous ones (October 21/22, November 18/19, December 25/26) the task could not be completed. Fifteen canisters and three parcels were also dropped, along with jumpers, in six raids on the receiving facility from 21.02 to 21.21.[8]
The Freston Mission included the following soldiers: commander Col. Capt D.T. Bill Hudson from SOE,[2][3][4] Deputy Commander Maj. Peter Sooly-Flood from MI-6,[3] Maj. Peter Kemp (writer),[5] Senior Sgt. Donald Galbraith of the Royal Signal Corps.[3] Among the members of the mission was also the Cichociemni (the "Silent Unseen") Capt. Antoni Pospieszalski pseudonym "Łuk" ("Bow"), going by his wife's last name as Capt. Anthony Currie, liaison officer, translator and radio operator, instructor at the Cichociemni training center in Audley End House.[8][3]
The mission's task, delayed by at least half a year, after Warsaw Uprising, was to play a liaison role between the Home Army Headquarters and the Soviet command.[9] 50 Home Army soldiers were assigned to protect the British mission.[10] After landing, the British were picked up by the management of the Home Army Częstochowa district, including head of the metastasis department in the Częstochowa Home Army Inspectorate, lieutenant Franciszek Makuch pseudonym "Roman",[11] commander of the Home Army sub-circuit, Lieutenant Jan Dzitkowski pseudonym "Drużba". The 3rd company of the 2nd battalion of the 27th Infantry Regiment of the Home Army under the command of Lieutenant Stanisław Wencel pseudonym "Twardy"[12][7] was assigned to the first cover of the mission. On December 29, in the Home Army district in Radomsko, the mission was taken over by Lieutenant Szymon Zaremba, pseudonym "Jerzy". In the protection of the mission assisted 2nd Lieutenant Józef Kotecki pseudonym "Warta".[13]
In defense of the British military mission "Freston", in the fight against the Germans possessing tanks and armored vehicles, a Polish Home Army soldier from a security company died - a Master Corporal pseudonym "Newada" (en. "Nevada"). This soldier operated a hand machine gun.[13]
On January 3, 1945, the commander of the Home Army, General Leopold Okulicki, met in the "Zacisze estate" near Odrowąż, Radomsko County near Radomsko with the British special mission "Freston".[9] Capt D.T. Bill Hudson wrote on January 3, 1945: "[...] we met the Commander of the Home Army and our friend, Colonel Rudkowski [...]. There were also several other people whose names and functions we did not have time to learn. The commander of the Home Army seemed to us a decisive, sincere and clear-minded man. His demeanor was calm and friendly. He knew many personalities from the London SOE office and stated that he commanded the 7th Infantry Division in the army of General Anders. We didn't know his name." The group of five was joined by Lieutenant Szymon Zaremba on the order of General Okulicki as a liaison officer responsible for the stay of the members of the mission in Poland.[13]
After the occupation of these areas by the Red Army, the British revealed themselves, were arrested by the Soviet NKVD.,[1] transported to a Soviet prison in Częstochowa, and then to Moscow in the USSR, and released only after the Yalta Conference[1][14][7][4]
In 1996, Queen Elizabeth II met with the veterans of the "Freston" Mission Protection Company in Warsaw in Poland to thank them for their heroism.[15]
- ^ a b c d M. R. D. Foot (14 November 1995). "OBITUARY : Colonel D. T. Hudson". www.independent.co.uk. independent.co.uk. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
- ^ a b c "Colonel D T (Bill) Hudson, leading Special Operations Executive [SOE] officer in Yugoslavia and Poland". iwm.org.uk. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Davies, Norman (2008). Powstanie '44 [Uprising '44] (in Polish). Kraków: Wydawnictwo Znak. pp. 586–587. ISBN 978-83-240-0662-5.
- ^ a b c d "Hudson, Duane Tyrell". tracesofwar.com. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Set Europe Ablaze". Imperial War Museums. Archived from the original on 1 June 2021. Retrieved 2023-03-16.
- ^ Drogi cichociemnych [Ways of the Cichociemni] (in Polish). Warsaw: Bellona. 2008. ISBN 978-83-11-11-309-1.
- ^ a b c d Durka, Jarosław (2007). ""Freston" – brytyjska misja wojskowa SOE w Polsce. Przygotowania – przebieg – fiasko" ["Freston" - British SOE military mission in Poland. Preparations - course - fiasco.]. Zeszyty Historyczne (in Polish). 161: 100, 105. 109–110, 117–119. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Antoni Pospieszalski – Cichociemny" [Antoni Pospieszalski – Cichociemny (the "Silent Unseen")] (in Polish). Retrieved 16 March 2023.
- ^ a b Kurtyka, Janusz; Pawłowicz, Jacek (2010). Generał Leopold Okulicki 1898-1946 [General Leopold Okulicki 1898-1946] (in Polish). Warsaw: Instytut Pamięci Narodowej. pp. 308–309. ISBN 978-83-7629-216-8.
- ^ "Spotkanie Klubu poświęcone operacji "Freston" - Relacje ze spotkań - Klub Historyczny im. gen. Stefana Roweckiego "GROTA"" [Club meeting dedicated to Operation "Freston". Reports from meetings. General Stefan Rowecki "GROT" Historical Club. at the Wayback Machine] (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2018-01-16. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
- ^ Durka, Jarosław (2017). "Franciszek Makuch ps. "Roman" (1913–1979)" [Franciszek Makuch nickname "Roman" (1913–1979)]. Zeszyty Myszkowskie (in Polish). 4: 208–209. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
- ^ Durka, Jarosław (2005). "Wencel Stanisław" [Wencel Stanisław]. Zeszyty Historyczne WiN-u (in Polish). 24: 321–327. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
- ^ a b c Jafra, Przemysław (17 March 2012). "Alianci na naszej ziemi, czyli opowieść o misji Freston" [Allies on our soil, or the story of the Freston mission] (in Polish). Retrieved 16 March 2023.
- ^ Kurtyka, Janusz; Pawłowicz, Jacek (2010). Generał Leopold Okulicki 1898-1946 [General Leopold Okulicki 1898-1946] (in Polish). Warsaw: Instytut Pamięci Narodowej. pp. 308–309. ISBN 978-83-7629-216-8.
- ^ Zieliński, Zbigniew. "Spóźniona aliancka misja" [Late Allied mission] (PDF). Kombatant (in Polish). 3 (243) 2011: 16–21. Retrieved 16 March 2023.