See also: Blockade of Germany (1914–1919) and Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood
The Imperial War Cabinet in 1917. Lord Robert Cecil is in the middle of the picture, 2nd row, fifth man from the left.Minister of Blockade Lord Robert Cecil, middle, right
The onset of the 20th century saw England as the world's foremost naval and colonial power, supported by a 100,000-man army designed to fight small wars in its outlying colonies. Since the Napoleonic Wars nearly a century earlier, Britain and Europe had enjoyed relative peace and tranquility. The onset of World War I caught the British Empire by surprise. As it increased the size of its army through conscription, one of its first tasks was to impose a complete naval blockade against Germany. It was not popular in the United States.[1] However, it was very important to England.[2][3]
The position of Minister of Blockade grew from the merger of Britain's Eastern and Western Departments of the Foreign Office in August 1914 to form a new War Department. The War Department's mission was to prepare England for a continental war. One of its earliest creations was the Contraband Department, which in February 1916 was upgraded (transferred from the military to the government) and renamed the Ministry of Blockade. The Ministry of Blockade was responsible for maintaining both a land and sea blockade against Germany.[4]
^Roskill, Stephen, Hankey, Man of Secrets, Volume I, p. 157, pp. 184-185, pp. 276-177
^Milner, Lord Alfred, "Cotton Contraband", pp. 3-7
^Roskill, pp. 623, pp. 626-627
^"Black List and Blockade", pp. 5 & 6
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