Condition when the angle of deviation is minimal in a prism
In a prism, the angle of deviation (δ) decreases with increase in the angle of incidence (i) up to a particular angle. This angle of incidence where the angle of deviation in a prism is minimum is called the minimum deviation position of the prism and that very deviation angle is known as the minimum angle of deviation (denoted by δmin, Dλ, or Dm).
Light is deflected as it enters a material with refractive index > 1.A ray of light is deflected twice in a prism. The sum of these deflections is the deviation angle.When the entrance and exit angles are equal, the deviation angle of a ray passing through a prism will be minimal.
The angle of minimum deviation is related with the refractive index as:
This is useful to calculate the refractive index of a material. Rainbow and halo occur at minimum deviation. Also, a thin prism is always set at minimum deviation.
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