Migrant workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council region information
Foreign workers in six Arab states of the Persian Gulf
Migrant workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council region involves the prevalence of migrant workers in the Kingdom of Bahrain, the State of Kuwait, the Sultanate of Oman, the State of Qatar, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE).[1] Together, these six countries form the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) (مجلس التعاون الخليجي),[1] established in 1981.[2] The GCC cooperates on issues related to economy and politics, and the subject of migrant workers constitutes a substantial part of the council's collaboration.[3] All of the GCC countries are dependent on migrant labor to bolster and stimulate economic growth and development,[4] as the GCC countries possess an abundance of capital while the domestic labor capacity is low.[5] Although migrant workers in the Persian Gulf region amount to no more than 10% of all migrants worldwide, they constitute a significant part of the populations of their host countries.[6]
Globally, the GCC countries are situated among the top twenty countries where non-nationals outnumber national citizens.[7] Both Saudi Arabia and the UAE are among the top ten countries accommodating the largest migrant populations in the world, occupying fourth and fifth place respectively.[6] In Bahrain, Oman, Qatar and the UAE, the majority of the population comprises foreign laborers and in the latter two countries this number is as high as 80%.[6] Furthermore, 95% of the workers active in the domestic and construction sectors are migrant workers.[6] As of 2013, it was estimated that approximately 18 million legal migrants resided in the GCC region. Over the last few years the number of migrants residing in the GCC has increased considerably.[8] The Gulf Research Center defines non-nationals as individuals having citizenship of a country outside the GCC region. People who are lacking any recognized citizenship are also included in this definition.[9]
^ abGenc, I. H.; Termos, A. (2011). "Is There a Catch-Up Effect in the Gulf?". The Middle Eastern Finance and Economics. 15. Retrieved 11 November 2018., p. 197.
^Heard-Bey, Frauke (March 2006). "Conflict resolution and regional co-operation: The role of the Gulf Co-operation Council 1970–2002". Middle Eastern Studies. 42 (2): 199–222. doi:10.1080/00263200500445851. ISSN 0026-3206. S2CID 145706277.
^Naufal, G.; Genc, I. (3 June 2014). "Labour Migration in the GCC Countries: Past, Present and Future". Singapore Middle East Papers. 9/2. Archived from the original on 21 February 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
^Center for International and Regional Studies (2011). Migrant Labour in the Gulf. Summary Report. Vol. 2. Georgetown University. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2839146. hdl:10822/558543. SSRN 2839146. Archived from the original on 18 January 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2018., p. 1.
^Azhar, Muhammad (22 May 2016). "Indian migrant workers in GCC countries". Diaspora Studies. 9 (2): 100–111. doi:10.1080/09739572.2016.1183890. ISSN 0973-9572. S2CID 156702321.
^ abcdInternational Labour Organization. "Labour Migration (Arab States)". International Labour Organization. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
^Kamrava, M.; Babar, Z. (2012). "Situating Labor Migration in the Persian Gulf". In Kamrava, M.; Babar, Z. (eds.). Migrant Labor in the Persian Gulf. New York: Columbia University Press., p. 8.
^Malit Jr, F.; Naufal, G. (2016a). "Taxing Remittances: Consequences for Migrant Labor Populations in the GCC Countries" (PDF). Gulf Labour Markets and Migration. 6: 3–6. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 June 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2018.
^"GCC: Total population and percentage of nationals and non-nationals in GCC countries (latest national statistics, 2010-2015)". Gulf Labour Markets and Migration. 2 April 2015. Archived from the original on 22 February 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
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