The Michigan Five Fluke Freshmen is the name given to five members of the U.S. House of Representatives who were elected in the Democratic landslide of 1964 and were subsequently defeated just two years later by a Republican resurgence. They included Paul Todd,[1] Raymond Clevenger, Billie Farnum, John Mackie, and Wes Vivian of the U.S. House of Representatives from Michigan. All of the five were one-term congressmen.[2] It was the last time that a state would have five freshmen members of Congress defeated for reelection.[citation needed]
^Nann Burke, Melissa (October 26, 2017). "3 Kalamazoo College alums running for Congress". Detroit News. Retrieved August 28, 2022.
^Zelizer, Julian E. (2015). The Fierce Urgency of Now: Lyndon Johnson, Congress, and the Battle for the Great Society. Penguin Publishing Group. p. 182. ISBN 978-1-101-60549-3.
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