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In the United States, a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is a geographical region with a relatively high population density at its core and close economic ties throughout the region.[1][2] Such regions are not legally incorporated as a city or town would be and are not legal administrative divisions like counties or separate entities such as states. As a result, sometimes the precise definition of a given metropolitan area will vary between sources. The statistical criteria for a standard metropolitan area were defined in 1949 and redefined as a metropolitan statistical area in 1983.[3]
A typical metropolitan area is polycentric and no longer monocentric due to suburbanization of employment and has a large historic core city, such as New York City or Chicago.[4] Some metropolitan areas include more than one large historic core city, including the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, Virginia Beach–Norfolk–Newport News (Hampton Roads), Riverside–San Bernardino (Inland Empire), and Minneapolis–Saint Paul (Twin Cities).
MSAs are defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), which is part of the Executive Office of the President, and are used by the U.S. Census Bureau and other U.S. federal government agencies for statistical purposes.[5]
^"Metropolitan Areas". US Census Bureau. Retrieved December 4, 2023.
^"Glossary". Archived from the original on July 10, 2023. Retrieved July 10, 2023.
^Caves, R. W. (2004). Encyclopedia of the City. Routledge. pp. 459. ISBN 9780415252256.
^Cox, Wendell (August 1, 2014). "Urban Cores, Core Cities and Principal Cities". newgeography.com. Archived from the original on July 10, 2023. Retrieved July 10, 2023.
^Nussle, Jim (November 20, 2008). "Update of Statistical Area Definitions and Guidance on Their Uses" (PDF). Office of Management and Budget. pp. 1–2. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 21, 2017.
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