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Metaxism (Greek: Μεταξισμός) is a Greek authoritarian nationalist ideology associated with Ioannis Metaxas.[1] It called for the regeneration of the Greek nation and the establishment of a modern, culturally homogenous Greece.[2] Metaxism disparaged liberalism, and held individual interests to be subordinate to those of the nation, seeking to mobilize the Greek people as a disciplined mass in service to the creation of a "new Greece."[2]
Metaxas declared that his 4th of August Regime (1936–1941) represented a "Third Greek Civilization" which was committed to the creation of a culturally purified Greek nation based upon the militarist societies of ancient Macedonia and Sparta, which he held to constitute the "First Greek Civilization"; and the Orthodox Christian ethic of the Byzantine Empire, which he considered to represent the "Second Greek Civilization."[2] The Metaxas regime asserted that true Greeks were ethnically Greek and Orthodox Christian, intending to deliberately exclude Albanians, Slavs, and Turks residing in Greece from Greek citizenship.[2]
Although the Metaxas government and its official doctrines are sometimes described as fascist, academically it is considered to have been a conventional authoritarian-conservative dictatorship akin to Francisco Franco's Spain or António de Oliveira Salazar's Portugal.[1][3] The Metaxist government derived its authority from the conservative establishment and its doctrines strongly supported traditional institutions such as the Greek Orthodox Church and the Greek Monarchy; essentially reactionary, it lacked the radical theoretical dimensions of ideologies such as Italian fascism and German Nazism.[1][3] The regime also lacked antisemitism, which it regarded as "distasteful".[4]
The ideology of Metaxism was associated with Metaxas' political party, the Freethinkers' Party and the 4th of August Regime.[5] In the post-war period it has been advocated by the 4th of August Party, the Golden Dawn party and the ELAM party.
^ abcPayne, Stanley G (1995). A History of Fascism, 1914–45. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 0-299-14874-2.
^ abcdGert Sørensen, Robert Mallett. International Fascism, 1919–45. London; Portland, Oregon: Frank Cass Publishers, 2002. pp. 159.[ISBN missing]
^ abLee, Stephen J. 2000. European Dictatorships, 1918–1945 Routledge; 2 ed. ISBN 0415230462.
^Fleming, K. E. (2010). Greece – a Jewish History. Princeton University Press. p. 101. doi:10.1515/9781400834013. ISBN 978-1-4008-3401-3.
^Peter Davies, Derek Lynch. The Routledge companion to fascism and the far right. London; New York: Routledge, 2002. pp. 276.[ISBN missing]
Metaxism (Greek: Μεταξισμός) is a Greek authoritarian nationalist ideology associated with Ioannis Metaxas. It called for the regeneration of the Greek...
Authoritarian conservative movements and regimes have included Chiangism in China, Metaxism in Greece, and Francoism in Spain. Although the concept of authority has...
Social Other Austria Belgium Denmark Finland Georgia Monarchist Greece Metaxism Populism Iceland Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Portugal Miguelist Romania...
Hoplite warrior; ancient Sparta has been considered an inspiration for fascist and quasi-fascist movements, such as Nazism and quasi-fascist Metaxism...
Social Other Austria Belgium Denmark Finland Georgia Monarchist Greece Metaxism Populism Iceland Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Portugal Miguelist Romania...
Social Other Austria Belgium Denmark Finland Georgia Monarchist Greece Metaxism Populism Iceland Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Portugal Miguelist Romania...
Social Other Austria Belgium Denmark Finland Georgia Monarchist Greece Metaxism Populism Iceland Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Portugal Miguelist Romania...
Social Other Austria Belgium Denmark Finland Georgia Monarchist Greece Metaxism Populism Iceland Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Portugal Miguelist Romania...