Meningeal lymphatic vessels run parallel to the dural venous sinuses.
The meningeal lymphatic vessels (or meningeal lymphatics) are a network of conventional lymphatic vessels located parallel to the dural venous sinuses and middle meningeal arteries of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). As a part of the lymphatic system, the meningeal lymphatics are responsible for draining immune cells, small molecules, and excess fluid from the CNS into the deep cervical lymph nodes.[1][2] Cerebrospinal fluid, and interstitial fluid are exchanged, and drained by the meningeal lymphatic vessels.[3]
While it was historically believed that both the brain and meninges were devoid of lymphatic vasculature, recent studies by Antoine Louveau and Jonathan Kipnis at the University of Virginia, submitted in October 2014, and by Aleksanteri Aspelund, Salli Antila and Kari Alitalo at the University of Helsinki submitted in December 2014, identified and described the basic biology of the meningeal lymphatics using a combination of histological, live-imaging, and genetic tools.[1][2] In general, their work is thought to extend that of the Danish neuroscientist Maiken Nedergaard in identifying the pathway connecting the glymphatic system to the meningeal compartment.
The role that the meningeal lymphatics plays in neurological disease is yet to be explored. It is hypothesized that they may contribute to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases of the CNS due to their role in connecting the immune and nervous systems.
^ abAntoine Louveau; Igor Smirnov; Timothy J. Keyes; Jacob D. Eccles; Sherin J. Rouhani; J. David Peske; Noel C. Derecki; David Castle; James W. Mandell; Kevin S. Lee; Tajie H. Harris; Jonathan Kipnis. (2015). "Structural and functional features of central nervous system lymphatic vessels". Nature. 523 (7560): 337–41. Bibcode:2015Natur.523..337L. doi:10.1038/nature14432. PMC 4506234. PMID 26030524.
^ abAleksanteri Aspelund; Salli Antila; Steven T. Proulx; Tine Veronica Karlsen; Sinem Karaman; Michael Detmar; Helge Wiig; Kari Alitalo. (2015). "A dural lymphatic vascular system that drains brain interstitial fluid and macromolecules". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 212 (7): 991–9. doi:10.1084/jem.20142290. PMC 4493418. PMID 26077718.
^Dupont, G; et al. (January 2019). "Our current understanding of the lymphatics of the brain and spinal cord". Clinical Anatomy. 32 (1): 117–121. doi:10.1002/ca.23308. PMID 30362622.
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