Islamic observation of prophet Muhammad's birthday
This article is about Mawlid. For other uses, see Mawlid (disambiguation).
Mawlid
Malaysian Sunni Muslims in a Mawlid procession in capital Putrajaya, 2013.
Observed by
Adherents of mainstream Sunni Islam, Shia Islam and various other Islamic denominations
Type
Islamic
Significance
Commemoration of the birth of Muhammad
Observances
Hamd, Tasbih, public processions, Na`at (religious poetry), family and other social gatherings, decoration of streets and homes
Date
12 Rabi' al-awwal
Frequency
once every Hijri year
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Mawlid (Arabic: مَولِد), also known as Eid-e-Milad an-Nabi (Arabic: عید ميلاد النبي, romanized: ʿīd mīlad an-nabī, lit. 'feast of the birth of the prophet'), is an observance of the day when the Islamic prophet Muhammad is reported to have been born. It is commemorated in Rabi' al-Awwal, the third month in the Islamic calendar. 12th Rabi' al-awwal is the accepted date among most of the Sunni scholars, while some Shi'a scholars regard 17th Rabi' al-awwal as the accepted date.
The history of this celebration goes back to the early days of Islam when some of the Tabi‘un began to hold sessions in which poetry and songs composed to honour Muhammad were recited and sung to crowds in the major cities.[2] The Ottomans declared it an official holiday in 1588,[3]
known as Mevlid Kandil.[4]
The term Mawlid is also used in some parts of the world, such as Egypt, as a generic term for the birthday celebrations of other historical religious figures such as Sufi saints.[5]
Most denominations of Islam approve of the commemoration of Muhammad's birthday;[6][7]
The Mawlid observance is generally approved of across the four Sunni schools of law, Shi'ism, and by mainstream Islamic scholarship.[8]Mawlid is recognized as a national holiday in most of the Muslim-majority countries of the world except Saudi Arabia and Qatar which are officially Salafi.[9][10][11]
Some denominations including Wahabism, Deobandism and the Ahmadiyya disapprove its commemoration.[12]
^"12 Rabi ul Awal 2019 – When is Eid Milad un Nabi 2021". IslamicFinder. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
^"Islamic Supreme Council of America – Islamic Supreme Council of America".
^Shoup, John A. (1 January 2007). Culture and Customs of Jordan. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 35. ISBN 9780313336713.
^Manuel Franzmann, Christel Gärtner, Nicole Köck Religiosität in der säkularisierten Welt: Theoretische und empirische Beiträge zur Säkularisierungsdebatte in der Religionssoziologie Springer-Verlag 2009 ISBN 978-3-531-90213-5 page 351
^Cite error: The named reference BBC was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Schussman, Aviva (1998). "The Legitimacy and Nature of Mawid al-Nabī: (analysis of a Fatwā)". Islamic Law and Society. 5 (2): 214–234. doi:10.1163/1568519982599535.
^McDowell, Michael; Brown, Nathan Robert (3 March 2009). World Religions At Your Fingertips. Penguin. p. 106. ISBN 9781101014691.
^Rabbani, Faraz (25 November 2010). "Innovation (Bid'a) and Celebrating the Prophet's Birthday (Mawlid)". SeekersHub.org. Retrieved 26 January 2017. Again, if we follow the recourse that Allah Most High has given us: returning matters we're not clear of to the people of knowledge, then we see that the mawlid, for example, has been carefully considered and generally approved of right across the four schools of mainstream Islamic law. In Singapore, it was a national holiday once but it was removed from Singapore holidays to improve business competitives.If someone doesn't feel comfortable with that, it is fine, but condemning a mainstream action approved by mainstream Islamic scholarship is the basis of division, and contrary to established principles.
^March, Luke (24 June 2010). Russia and Islam. Routledge. p. 147. ISBN 9781136988998. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
^Merkel, Udo (11 February 2015). Identity Discourses and Communities in International Events, Festivals and Spectacles. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 203. ISBN 9781137394934.
^Woodward, Mark (28 October 2010). Java, Indonesia and Islam. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 169. ISBN 9789400700567.
^http://islamqa.info/en/249 Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid.
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