Mauna Loa (/ˌmɔːnəˈloʊ.ə/ or /ˌmaʊnəˈloʊ.ə/; Hawaiian: [ˈmɐwnəˈlowə]; English: Long Mountain[1]) is one of five volcanoes that form the Island of Hawaii in the U.S. state of Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean. Mauna Loa is Earth's largest active volcano[1] by both mass and volume. It was historically considered to be the largest volcano on Earth until Tamu Massif was discovered to be larger.[4] Mauna Loa is a shield volcano with relatively gentle slopes, and a volume estimated at 18,000 cubic miles (75,000 km3),[5] although its peak is about 125 feet (38 m) lower than that of its neighbor, Mauna Kea.[6] Lava eruptions from Mauna Loa are silica-poor and very fluid, and tend to be non-explosive.
Mauna Loa has likely been erupting for at least 700,000 years, and may have emerged above sea level about 400,000 years ago. Some dated rocks are 470,000 years old.[7] The volcano's magma comes from the Hawaii hotspot, which has been responsible for the creation of the Hawaiian island chain over tens of millions of years. The slow drift of the Pacific Plate will eventually carry Mauna Loa away from the hotspot within 500,000 to one million years from now, at which point it will become extinct.
Mauna Loa's most recent eruption began on November 27, 2022, and ended on December 13, 2022. It was the first eruption since 1984.[8][9] No recent eruptions of the volcano have caused fatalities, but eruptions in 1926 and 1950 destroyed villages, and the city of Hilo is partly built on lava flows from the late 19th century.
Because of the potential hazards it poses to population centers, Mauna Loa is part of the Decade Volcanoes program, which encourages studies of the world's most dangerous volcanoes. Mauna Loa has been monitored intensively by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory since 1912. Observations of the atmosphere are undertaken at the Mauna Loa Observatory, and of the Sun at the Mauna Loa Solar Observatory, both located near the mountain's summit. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park covers the summit and portions of the southeastern and southwestern flanks of the volcano, and also incorporates Kīlauea, a separate volcano.
^ abc"Mauna Loa". USGS. Retrieved December 19, 2023.
^"Mauna Loa, Hawaii". Peakbagger.com. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
^Cite error: The named reference hvo-loa was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference tamu was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Kaye, G.D. (May 14, 2002). Using GIS to estimate the total volume of Mauna Loa Volcano, Hawaii. Geological Society of America. 98th Annual Meeting. Archived from the original on January 25, 2009. Retrieved August 5, 2007.
^"Mauna Kea". NGS Station Datasheet. United States National Geodetic Survey. November 28, 2022.
^Jicha, B.R.; Rhodes, J.M.; Singer, B.S.; Garcia, M.O. (2012). "40Ar/39Ar geochronology of submarine Mauna Loa volcano, Hawaii". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 117 (B9). doi:10.1029/2012JB009373.
^"HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERVATORY VOLCANO OBSERVATORY NOTICE FOR AVIATION Monday, November 28, 2022, 09:45 UTC | USGS Hazard Notification System (HANS) for Volcanoes". volcanoes.usgs.gov. November 27, 2022. Retrieved November 28, 2022.
^"Hawaii's Mauna Loa volcano erupts for first time in 38 years". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved November 29, 2022.
MaunaLoa (/ˌmɔːnə ˈloʊ.ə/ or /ˌmaʊnə ˈloʊ.ə/; Hawaiian: [ˈmɐwnə ˈlowə]; English: Long Mountain) is one of five volcanoes that form the Island of Hawaii...
on Earth. The peak is about 38 m (125 ft) higher than MaunaLoa, its more massive neighbor. Mauna Kea is unusually topographically prominent for its height:...
MaunaLoa Observatory (MLO) is an atmospheric baseline station on MaunaLoa, on the island of Hawaii, located in the U.S. state of Hawaii. The Mauna Loa...
SS MaunaLoa was a steam-powered cargo ship of the Matson Navigation Company that was sunk in the bombing of Darwin in February 1942. She was christened...
of MaunaLoa was an episode of eruptive volcanic activity at MaunaLoa, the world's largest active volcano, located on Hawaiʻi island, Hawaiʻi. Mauna Loa...
MaunaLoa Macadamia Nut Corporation is the world's largest processor of macadamia seeds. The American company was a subsidiary of The Hershey Company...
in the world with a portfolio of brands that includes Hawaiian Host, MaunaLoa, MacFarms, KOHO, and Kapua Orchards. Sold in over 23 countries, HHG produces...
USS MaunaLoa has been the name of more than one United States Navy ship, and may refer to: USS MaunaLoa (SP-28), a patrol boat in commission from 1917...
This is a list of volcanic eruptions from MaunaLoa, an active shield volcano in the Hawaiian Islands that last erupted in 2022. These eruptions have...
The 1984 eruption of MaunaLoa was a Hawaiian eruption in the U.S. state of Hawaii that lasted from March 25 to April 15, 1984. It ended a 9-year period...
names: MaunaLoa, on Hawai'i Mauna Kea, on Hawai'i Mauna Ulu, cinder cone of Kīlauea, on Hawai'i Mauna Iki, cinder cone of Kīlauea, on Hawai'i Mauna Haleakalā...
1975 eruption of MaunaLoa was a short-lived Hawaiian eruption that followed 25 years of quiescence at the Hawaiian volcano MaunaLoa. The eruption began...
The MaunaLoa silversword, Argyroxiphium kauense, or Kaʻū silversword, is a rare species of flowering plant in the aster family. It is endemic to the...
volcanism. They include the largest active volcanoes on Earth, such as MaunaLoa. Giant shield volcanoes are found on other planets of the Solar System...
driving route from Hilo to Kailua-Kona and access to the slopes of MaunaLoa and the Mauna Kea Observatories. The mile marker 0 is posted in Hilo on the traffic...
2005) was an American scientist whose recording of carbon dioxide at the MaunaLoa Observatory confirmed Svante Arrhenius's proposition (1896) of the possibility...
GPX (secondary coordinates) Of the 13 major summits of Hawaiʻi, Mauna Kea and MaunaLoa exceed 4000 meters (13,123 feet) elevation, Haleakalā exceeds 3000...
erupted in historical times from MaunaLoa during the eruptions of 1852 and 1868 (from different flanks of MaunaLoa).[5] Picrite basalt with 30% olivine...
left moist but only needs watering if the soil is dry. The cultivar 'MaunaLoa' has won the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. At least...
atmosphere is substantially thinner at higher elevations than at sea level. MaunaLoa is visible on clear days from the summit area, as well as along most of...
Ocean floor. The highest mountains are not generally the most voluminous. MaunaLoa (4,169 m or 13,678 ft) is the largest mountain on Earth in terms of base...
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